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Wcdma HW
Wcdma HW
Wcdma HW
Sector Antenna
Signal Pattern
Antenna Specification
UMTS RRU
Fiber Optic
UMTS BBU
Outdoor NodeB
Stand-alone RABs
RAB combinations
RAB Configuration
SRB for BCCH
SRB for PCCH
Conversational
Interactive
Streaming
Mixed
For dimensioning purposes we only consider the services listed in Table 2-2 below.
Service Type
64 kbps CS RB + 3.4 kbps SRB
64 kbps PS RB + 3.4 kbps SRB
Streaming 57.6 kbps CS RB + 3.4 kbps SRB
Streaming 16 kbps PS RB + 8 kbps PS RB +
3.4 kbps SRB
It should be noted that the PS streaming RAB cannot exist as a standalone RAB but must be combined with
an interactive bearer. Since we only dimension the Radio Network for the BH two assumptions may be made:
1) PS Streaming rate restricted to 16 kbps
2) The maximum PS rate is restricted to 64 kbps
BH Assumptions
Logical Channel
The MAC layer provides data transfer services on logical channels, Logical channels are classified into two
groups:
Control channels for the transfer of control plane information
Traffic channels for the transfer of user plane information
Transport Channels
A transport channel is defined by how and with what characteristics data is transferred over the air interface. There exist
two types of transport channels
Dedicated channels;
Common channels,
There is one dedicated transport channel, the dedicated channel (DCH), which is a downlink or uplink transport channel.
The DCH is transmitted over the entire cell or over only a part of the cell using beam-forming antennas. The DCH is
characterized by the possibility of fast rate change (every 10 ms), fast power control, and inherent addressing of mobile
stations.
PHYSICAL CHANNELS
The transport channels are channel coded and matched to the data rate offered by physical channels. Thereafter, the transport
channels are mapped on the physical channels. Physical channels consist of radio frames and time slots. The length of a radio
frame is 10 ms and one frame consists of 15 time slots.
Uplink Physical Channels
There are two uplink dedicated physical and two common physical channels:
The uplink dedicated physical data channel (uplink DPDCH) and the uplink dedicated physical control channel (uplink DPCCH);
The physical random access channel (PRACH) and physical common packet channel (PCPCH).
Downlink Physical Channels
There is one downlink dedicated physical channel, one shared and five common control channels:
Downlink dedicated physical channel (DPCH);
Physical downlink shared channel (DSCH);
Primary and secondary common pilot channels (CPICH);
Primary and secondary common control physical channels (CCPCH);
Synchronization channel (SCH).
PACKET SESSION
A packet session begins when a user is actively transmitting or receiving data in such volume that it requires a dedicated
channel. The session ends when there is no more data to transmit and the connection is transferred to a common channel.
During the session the user may be switched up or down in data rate due to channel switching, as illustrated in below Figure.
The session length is defined from the time a dedicated channel is allocated to the time where the channel is released and the user is
disconnected or moved to a common channel.
RAB
mappin
g
Call per
24h
Sessions
per packet
call
KB per
request
UL
KB per
request
DL
BE
64/64
10
40
BE
64/384
10
20
BE
64/384
10
.2
BE
64/384
200
20
BE
64/384
.5
BE
64/384
20
200
BE
64/384
.5
BE
64/384
120
1.2
1.2
The bit error rate is proportional to ratio of energy per bit (E b) to noise power density (No). This ratio is realistically and
conceptually illustrated in Figure 3-2 below.
CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS
As with the coverage requirements, the capacity requirements will grow in phases. Table below, shows a typical example
of the number of subscribers attached to an operators 3G network in the busy hour (BH).
CS Traffic
Profile
The subscriber BH traffic profile for Circuit Switched (CS) must be calculated from the given requirements in terms of:
Average data rate per user (kbps)
Blocking rate/probability (Grade Of Service GOS)
Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA)
Average Call duration in minutes
CS Traffic Profile
Example
PS traffic profile
The subscriber BH traffic profile for Packet Switched (PS) should be given in terms of:
BH UL+DL data volume per subs (kbit)
Ratio uplink/total traffic
Average BH number of active Packet Data Protocol (PDP) contexts per user
SERVICE REQUIREMENTS
The types of service offered must be given. For each area, the estimated usage of each service should also be given.
The services are characterized by the QoS (Quality of Service) parameter related to different radio access bearer attributes.
The main attributes to define a service are bit rate, transfer delay, Bit Error Rate (BER) and BLock Error Rate (BLER). The
areas with different coverage reliability should be distinguished to
determine which service could be guaranteed.
The services that are available in the P3 radio network are listed below:
Speech
CS 64
CS 57.6 Streaming
Interactive PS 64/64
Interactive PS 64/128
Interactive PS 64/384
PS Streaming (combination of streaming and interactive)
Multi-RAB (combination of speech and interactive)
Cell illustration
WCDMA Traffic
Objectives
Upon completion of this module, the student will be able to:
Explain the UMTS and Radio Access Bearer (RAB) Concept
Explain the four different Traffic classes
List the RABs supported by the P3 WCDMA RAN
Explain how UMTS Bearer Services are mapped onto RABs
Explain the principle of Circuit Switched (CS) and Packet Switched (PS) dimensioning
Explain how best effort applications can be included in traffic calculations
For the purpose of network dimensioning, it is necessary to estimate the amount of traffic that is carried in the
Busy Hour (BH) of a system.
The purpose of a Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is to provide a connection segment using the UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access Network (UTRAN) for support of a UMTS bearer service. The UTRAN can provide Radio Access
Bearer connections with different characteristics in order to match requirements for different UMTS bearers.
Stand-alone RABs
RAB combinations
RAB Configuration
SRB for BCCH
SRB for PCCH
Conversational
Interactive
Streaming
Mixed
Where: BHCH = Busy Hour Call Attempts MHT = Mean Hold Time (in hours)
15000
No of Speech Subscribers
15000
No of CS Data Subscribers
1500
BS Speech Traffic
19.6
BH CS Traffic
10.8
Offered Traffic
PACKET SESSION
A packet session begins when a user is actively transmitting or receiving data in such volume that it requires a dedicated
channel. The session ends when there is no more data to transmit and the connection is transferred to a common channel.
During the session the user may be switched up or down in data rate due to channel switching, as illustrated in Figure below.
There are periods of silence in between transmission where the dedicated channel is still allocated, but only the control
channel is active. This may be due to either the protocol waiting for an acknowledgement or if there is no
data to send. This bursty behavior is typical of a packet application.
RAB
mappin
g
Call per
24h
Sessions
per packet
call
KB per
request
UL
KB per
request
DL
BE
64/64
10
40
BE
64/384
10
20
BE
64/384
10
.2
BE
64/384
200
20
BE
64/384
.5
BE
64/384
20
200
BE
64/384
.5
BE
64/384
120
1.2
1.2
PEAK FACTOR
For the purposes of Radio Network dimensioning we could assume that each packet channel will only carry 0.7 packet
sessions due to the peak factor. If however, we are calculating the number of packet channels ( Mdata) needed to carry a
requested number of packet sessions (Mdata) we should increase the number of channels required by 1/0.7 = 1.4.
The number of packet channels (Mdata) needed to support the required packet sessions given by Equation below:
These models are designed to cover the scenarios shown in Figure below.
The uplink pole capacity, Mpole, is the theoretical limit for the number of UEs that a cell can support. It is service (RAB)
dependent. At this limit the interference level in the system is infinite and thus the coverage reduced to
zero. .
Service Type
Rural
78
66
65
18
15
14
19
16
15
22
19
20
27
30
Dense Urban /
Urban
Suburban
(TU-50)
Rural
(RA)
(TU- 3)
59
54
53
7.3
6.6
8.5
7.2
4.4
4.2
1.4
1.3
10
10
10
Streaming 64 kbps PS
RB + 8 kbps
PS RBCapacity
+
9.9
Downlink
Limited
: (downlink
Mpole Values)8.2
3.4 Kbps SRB
8.3
The maximum load (Qmax) is defined as the conversational load (QC) plus the best effort load (QBE) as shown in Equation
below.
To calculate the BE (Best Effort) required channels for PS using below equation
Example
A cell is required to provide service to 1000 subscribers with the traffic requirement in table below:
Assuming a peak factor of 1.4 and that only the PS64 bearer is available, what is the maximum uplink load if the
maximum possible number of conversational and packet channels is 78 and 19 respectively
UPLINK LOAD SOLUTION
Step 1: Calculate the BE required channels using
0.001991
QBE = 0.001991 / 19 =
0.00010479
QC = 25 x 10 -3 / 78 =
0.0003205
Cell breathing
Uu
No
deB
Iub
RN
C
Iu
CN
UE
Physical Channel
Logical Channel
MAC
Logical Channel
Traffic Channel
Commo
n
Channel
Control Channel
Dedicat
ed
Channel
Traffic Channel
Control Channel