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Muscular System II
Muscular System II
Muscle Tissue
Introduction to Muscle
Movement is a characteristic of living
things
______________________________________
______________________________________
Types of muscle
______________________________________
Characteristics of Muscle
_____________________ (excitability)
chemical signals, stretch and electrical
changes across the plasma membrane
_____________________
local electrical change triggers a wave of
excitation that travels along the muscle fiber
____________________________________
Extensibility -- capable of being stretched
____________________________________
____________________________________
Skeletal Muscle
_________________________ attached to
bones
______________________ as long as 30 cm
Exhibits alternating light and dark
transverse bands or striations
reflects overlapping arrangement of
internal contractile proteins
Muscle Fibers
________________________
______________________ has tunnel-like
infoldings or transverse (T) tubules that
penetrate the cell
carry electric current to cell interior
____________________
Thin Filaments
Two strands __________________
Has a myosin binding site
_______________ (calcium-binding) on
each tropomyosin molecule
Motor Units
___________________________________
___________________________________
throughout the muscle
when contract together causes weak
contraction over wide area
provides ability to sustain long-term
contraction as motor units take turns
resting (_____________________)
________________________
small motor units contain as few as
20 muscle fibers per nerve fiber
eye muscles
________________________
gastrocnemius muscle has 1000
fibers per nerve fiber
Neuromuscular
Junctions (Synapse)
Connection between
nerve fiber and muscle cell
__________________________________ stimulates
muscle cell
Components of synapse (NMJ)
synaptic knob is swollen end of nerve fiber (contains
ACh)
junction region of sarcolemma
contains acetylcholinesterase (breaks down Ach)
__________________ gap between nerve and
muscle cells
Neuromuscular Toxins
________________ (cholinesterase inhibitors)
bind to acetylcholinesterase and prevent it from
degrading ACh
spastic paralysis and possible suffocation
___________________________________
___________________________________
blocks glycine release in the spinal cord and causes
overstimulation of the muscles