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Earth's Magnetic Field: - Observations
Earth's Magnetic Field: - Observations
Introduction
Observations
Magnetic observatories
Satellites
Dedicated field campaigns
Earths structure
Paleomagnetic observations
Secular variations
Satellite observations
The Geodynamo
Governing equations
Approximations
Simulations
Excellent References
Treatise on Geophysics
Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.
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Editor-in-Chief:GeraldSchubert
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Volume 5: Geomagnetism
5.01 Geomagnetism in Perspective, Pages 1-31, M. Kono
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (2904 K) | View Related Articles
5.02 The Present Field, Pages 33-75, N. Olsen, G. Hulot and T.J. Sabaka
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (14345 K) | View Related Articles
5.03 Magnetospheric Contributions to the Terrestrial Magnetic Field, Pages 77-92, W. Baumjohann and R.
Nakamura
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (684 K) | View Related Articles
5.04 Observation and Measurement Techniques, Pages 93-146, G.M. Turner, J.L. Rasson and C.V. Reeves
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (2319 K) | View Related Articles
5.05 Geomagnetic Secular Variation and Its Applications to the Core, Pages 147-193, A. Jackson and C.C.
Finlay
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5.06 Crustal Magnetism, Pages 195-235, M.E. Purucker and K.A. Whaler
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (4208 K) | View Related Articles
5.07 Geomagnetism, Pages 237-276, S. Constable
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (1692 K) | View Related Articles
5.08 Magnetizations in Rocks and Minerals, Pages 277-336, D.J. Dunlop and . zdemir
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (3105 K) | View Related Articles
5.09 Centennial- to Millennial-Scale Geomagnetic Field Variations, Pages 337-372, C. Constable
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (3744 K) | View Related Articles
5.10 Geomagnetic Excursions, Pages 373-416, C. Laj and J.E.T. Channell
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5.11 Time-Averaged Field and Paleosecular Variation, Pages 417-453, C.L. Johnson and P. McFadden
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (3723 K) | View Related Articles
5.12 Source of Oceanic Magnetic Anomalies and the Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale, Pages 455-507, J.S.
Gee and D.V. Kent
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5.13 Paleointensities, Pages 509-563, L. Tauxe and T. Yamazaki
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (2882 K) | View Related Articles
5.14 True Polar Wander: Linking Deep and Shallow Geodynamics to Hydro- and Bio-Spheric Hypotheses,
Pages 565-589, T.D. Raub, J.L. Kirschvink and D.A.D. Evans
SummaryPlus | Chapter | PDF (1558 K) | View Related Articles
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Importance of
Earths Magnetic Field
Earths magnetic field is necessary for life on Earth.
The magnetic field protects us against the flow
of charged particles from the sun and acts a
kind of shield.
Some researchers believe that evolution of life
is accelerated during periods of weak magnetic
fields, because this would enhance genetic
changes mutations.
The magnetic field on the continents and their shelves
is used for prospecting after oil, gas and
mineral deposits.
The interpretation of the magnetic field on the oceans
had a major impact on the development of
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plate tectonics.
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Sources of the
Geomagnetic Field
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n = degree
V V V r n S n ( , ) r n 1S n ( , )
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Geomagnetic Spectrum
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Curie Depth
Crustal
Thickness
Heat Flow
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Geomagnetic Jargong
Frontiers
Is Earth's magnetic field reversing?
Catherine Constable & Monika Korte
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 246
(2006) 116
Page 2
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0 1 2 3
Age
[My]
Normal
polarity
Reverse
polarity
Lithosphere
Molten magma fills the gap, solidifies, cools below the Curie temperature
(560oC) and becomes magnetized in the direction of the prevalent magnetic field
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The sedimentation varies between 1-5 cm/1000 r. The sediments contain small
amounts of magnetite which constitute small magnets that direct themselves into
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the direction of the Earth magnetic field on their way through the water column
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Anticyclonic patches
transporting oppositely
directed magnetic flux,
i.e. negative feedback.
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GEO-DYNAMO
The Earths magnetic field is generated by electric currents in the
outer liquid core, which mainly consists of iron
Important Constraints on
Models of the Geodynamo
Westward drift of non-dipolar field
Excursions
Frequency
Strength distribution
Reversals
Frequency
Duration
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Snapshots of a reversal
Dynamo Simulations.
Varying Heat Flow at CMB
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More Snapshots
Surface
CMB
Poloidal
Toroidal
Fields
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