Kuliah-3

Teknik Produksi I
(3 SKS)
IPR sumur gas - vertikal
Dosen : Ir. Andry Halim, MM
STT MIGAS, Balikpapan
2014

Objective/Sasaran
Memahami konsep-konsep dasar aliran gas
reservoir ke sumur (IPR)
Memahami penerapannya di dunia Perminyakan

dari

Daftar Pustaka
1. Semua buku perihal TEKNIK PRODUKSI, termasuk SPE paper.
2. T.E.W. Nind,Principles of Oil Well Production, Mc Grw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1981.
3. Kermit E. Brown,The Technology of Artificial lift Methods,
Vol.1,2,3a,3b, 4, Tulsa, OK, 1984.
4. Tarek Ahmed,Reservoir engineering Handbook, 2nd editiomn,
Gulf Prosfesional Publishing, 2001, Houston, Texas.
5. http://id.scribd.com/doc/229229152/INFLOW-PERFORMANCE-REL
ATIONSHIP-ppt
6. M.J. Economides, A.D. Hill, Petroleum Production Systems,
Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1994

IPR

IPR

LIT METHOD
Pressure-Squared Quadratic Fo
P < 2000 PSIA

LIT METHOD
Pressure-Quadratic Form
P > 3000 PSIA

LIT METHOD
Pseudopressure Quadratic A

BACK PRESSURE TEST

EXAMPLE

FUTURE IPR

Petroleum Engineering 613

Natural Gas Engineering
Texas A&M University
Lecture 06:

Semi-Analytical Rate Relations

for Oil and Gas Flow
T.A. Blasingame, Texas A&M U.
Department of Petroleum Engineering
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX 77843-3116
+1.979.845.2292 t-blasingame@tamu.edu
PETE 613
(2005A)

Slide 55

Rate Relations for Oil and Gas Flow

Historical Perspectives
"Backpressure" equation.
Arps relations (exponential, hyperbolic, and harmonic).
Derivation of Arps' exponential decline relation.
Validation of Arps' hyperbolic decline relation.

Specialized Gas Flow Relations:

Fetkovich Gas Flow Relation.
Ansah-Buba-Knowles Gas Flow Relations.

Specialized Oil Flow Relations:

Fetkovich Oil Flow Relation.

Inflow Performance Relations (IPR):

Early work (for rationale).
Oil IPR and Solution-Gas Drive IPR.
Gas Condensate IPR.

PETE 613
(2005A)

Slide 56

History: Deliverability/"Backpressure" Equation

Gas Well Deliverability:
The original well deliverability
relation was completely empiri-cal
(derived from observations), and is
given as:
qg C( p2 p2 )n
wf

This relationship is rigorous for low

pressure gas reservoirs, (n=1 for
laminar flow).

From: Back-Pressure Data on Natural-Gas

Wells and Their Application to Production
Practices Rawlins and Schellhardt
(USBM Monograph, 1935).

PETE 613
(2005A)

Slide 57

History: p2 Diffusivity Equations

Diffusivity Equations for a "Dry Gas:" p2 Relations
p2 Form Full Formulation:

g ct 2
( p ) 2 [ln( g z )]( p )
(p )
k t
p
2

2 2

p2 Form Approximation:

g ct 2
(p )
(p )
k t
2

PETE 613
(2005A)

Slide 58

History: Gas p2 Condition (gz vs. p, T=200 Deg F)

"Dry Gas" PVT Properties: (gz vs. p)

Basis for the "pressure-squared" approximation (i.e., use of p2 variable).
Concept: (gz) = constant, valid only for p<2000 psia.
PETE 613
(2005A)

Slide 59

History: Gas p2 Condition (gz vs. p, T=200 Deg F)

g z
p
p
ppg
dp

p
p pn base g z

"Dry Gas" PVT Properties: (gz vs. p)

Concept: IF (gz) = constant, THEN p2-variable valid.

(gz) constant for p<2000 psia.
Even with numerical solutions, p2 formulation would not be appropriate.

PETE 613
(2005A)

Slide 60

Fetkovich Decline Type Curve: Empirical

Fetkovich "Empirical" Decline Type Curve:

Log-log "type curve" for the Arps "decline curves" (Fetkovich, 1973).
Initially designed as a graphical solution of the Arps' relations.
PETE 613
(2005A)

Slide 61

Analytical Type Curves: Radial Flow

"Analytical" Rate Decline Curves:

From: SPE 04629 Fetkovich (1973).

Data from van Everdingen and Hurst

(1949), replotted as a rate decline
plot (Fetkovich, 1973).
This looks promising but this is
going to be one really big "type
curve."
What can we do? Try to collapse all
of the trends to a single trend during
boundary-dominated flow (Fetkovich,
1973).

"Analytical" stems are another name

for transient flow behavior, which
can yield estimates of reservoir flow
properties.

From: SPE 04629 Fetkovich (1973).

PETE 613
(2005A)

Slide 62

QUESTION ????