TRANSFORMER

PROTECTION
AND

TIMEOVERCURRENT
RELAYS
By : Ildjohn Cydrick H. Carrillo

 3-Phase

Delta-Delta Connection
3-Phase Delta-Grounded Wye
Connection

 3-PHASE DELTA-DELTA CONNECTION

A. THREE-PHASE FAULT

=
=

Balance fault condition = Transformer withstand Curve does not need to be adjusted

B. Phase-to-Phase Fault

Represent
Single Phase Condition on
secondary Side

At Faulted winding:

=
Other windings:
=
This will be reflected to primary by means of transformer turns ratio

Ratio of winding
Ratio = = 1.1547
Correction Factor = highest line current ratio
= 1 1.1547
= 0.866
Note:
Transformer withstand curve will shift to the LEFT
Fuse characteristic should lie below and to the left of modified
withstand curve

 3-Phase

Delta-Grounded Wye
Connection
A. Three-Phase Fault

At High Side:

At Low Side:

B. Phase-to-Phase Fault

At High Side:

=
- but current will flow in only 2 of the 3
windings

Two
other

==
=2=2

At Low Side:

=
- but current will flow in only 2 of the 3
windings

Ratio of winding

Ratio = =

Correction
Factor = highest line current
ratio

= 2
= 1.1547

Note:
Transformer withstand curve will shift to the
Right

C. Phase-to-Ground Fault

At Both High and Low Side

=
-

Only one transformer winding caries fault current

Delta connection:
Two

==

Ratio of winding

Ratio = =
Correction Factor = highest line current ratio

= 1
= 0.5774
Note:
Transformer withstand curve will shift to the
LEFT

TIMEOVERCURRENT
RELAYS

Used on:
medium-voltage switchgear and lowvoltage
high-ampere-rated switchgear

Characteristic:
- Are used in conjunction with current transformers and circuit breakers to sense
current flowing on a line.
- Upon detection of an overcurrent ,the relay will operate by opening or closing its
contacts.

Operation:
- Relay operation begin when the current flowing through the relay
exceeds the pickup tap setting.
Note:
Current axis = is labeled in multiples of the pickup value
Time axis = may be specified in either seconds or cycles on a 60 Hz
basis

Example:
A circuit breaker equipped with bushing-mounted current
transformer having a ratio of 600:5 is protecting a 4.16 kV
distribution switchgear. The time-overcurrent relay characteristic are
given in the figure 18-14. The relay is to operate when the load
current on the feeder is 500A. In addition, the available short current
is 5000A at the breaker location and 2000A at the far end of the
circuit. Determine (a) the appropriate tap setting required for the
relay to pick up at 500A and (b) the required time dial setting to
allow a time delay of 0.3 s at maximum fault current levels.

Solution:
a) The relay current for a 500 A load current:

= = 4.167 A
Tap setting = 4.0 is require
b) The relay current for a fault current of 5000 A on the primary:

= = 41.67 A
Multiple of tap setting = 41.67/4
Thus, to obtain time delay of 0.3 s:
Time Dial Setting

= 10.4

Problem:
13. A time-overcurrent relay has a TOC as shown in Figure 18-14.
The CT ratio is 400:5. If the relay pickup is set at 5 A, and the
time dial setting is set at 4, determine the trip time for primary
currents of 1000A, 2500A, 4000A, and 6000A.

Given:
Relay Pickup setting = 5 A
Time Dial Setting = 4
CT ratio = 400:5

Solution:

At = 1000 A

= = 12.5 A
= 2.5
Trip Time = 3 seconds

At = 2500 A
= = 31.25 A
= 6.25
Trip Time = 0.5 seconds

At = 4000 A
= = 50 A
= 10
Trip Time = 0.25 seconds

At = 6000 A
= = 75 A
= 15
Trip Time = 0.15 seconds

THANK
YOU