The 3 MeV H- Test Stand at CERN

- The first part of the SPL H. Haseroth

on behalf of the

SPL Study Group

(Prepared by Carlo Rossi)

H. Haseroth

The 3 MeV H- Test Stand at

CERN

OUTLINE
The long term SPL project: motivation for a 3
MeV Test Stand.
The intermediate Linac4 phase: a valuable
improvement of the CERN proton accelerator
complex.
The 3 MeV Test Stand: a short term study tool
and the future SPL Front End.
Status and Planning.
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SPL: a long term project

A multi-MW superconducting linac could simultaneously satisfy the
needs of many users. Especially relevant are the potential
applications* for:
Radio-active ions
Neutrinos: super-beam/beta-beam/neutrino factory
LHC: potential to increase the brightness and intensity beyond
the ultimate beam.
The challenge for high beam power is mostly coming from the control
of beam halo. The control starts from the low energy end. A test
bench for beam dynamics studies (including beam halo) is a must.
*Debated at the workshop on Physics with a multiMW Proton Source, CERN,
May 25-27, http://physicsatmwatt.web.cern.ch/physicsatmwatt/

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SPL block diagram (CDR 1)

Linac 4: up-to-date design

Superconducting linac: CDR 1

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Linac4: a mid-term phase

Linac4 is the room-temperature section of the SPL (extended to
160 MeV), intended to upgrade the injection into the PS Booster.
It allows for a significant performance improvement for the
present users like LHC and ISOLDE, at a limited cost.
Standard
operation

Linac 4

Basic users
request

CNGS flux [1019 pot/year]

4.7 (4.5)

7.5 (4.5)

4.5

FT spills [105 /year]

3.2 (3.4)

3.3 (5.6)

7.2

East Hall spills [106 /year]

1.5

1.5

1.3

NTOF flux [1019 pot/year]

1.6

1.6

1.5

ISOLDE flux [A]

3.1

6.4

1.9

2200

2240

1350

1.5

1.3 (2*)

[nb. of pulses/hour]
72 bunch train for LHC at PS exit
[1011 ppb]

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Linac4 parameters
Linac4 could be later used as front-end of the SPL: its
RF structures are designed to operate at the full SPL
duty cycle.
PARAMETERS
Phase 1 Phase 2
(PSB)
2

(SPL)
50

Hz

Source current *

50

30

mA

RFQ current *

40

21

mA

Chopper beam-on factor

75

62

Current after chopper *

30

13

mA

Pulse length (max.)

0.5

2.8

ms

Average current

15

1820

Max. beam duty cycle

0.1

14

A
%

Max. number of particles per pulse

0.9

2.3

1014

Transverse norm. emittance (rms)

0.25

0.25

mm mrad

Longitudinal emittance (rms)

0.3

0.3

deg MeV

Maximum design current

30

Maximum repetition rate

Relaxed parameters
Space and
infrastructure available
in the PS South Hall
RF from LEP (klystrons,
waveguides, etc. already in stock)

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Linac4 layout
95keV

H-

RFQ

IPHI
RFQ
6m
1 klystron

3MeV

MEBT
chopping
line
3.6 m

30 mA, 0.1% duty

DTL
Drift Tube
Linac
352 MHz
16.7 m
3 tanks
5 klystrons

40MeV

CCDTL
Cell-Coupled
Drift Tube L.
352 MHz
30.1 m
33 tanks
6 klystrons

90MeV

160MeV

SCL
Side Coupled
Linac
704 MHz
28.1 m
20 tanks
5 klystrons

Final Energy 160 MeV,

factor 2 in 2 w.r.t.
present 50 MeV Linac2

Total Linac4: 86.5 m , 17 klystrons

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Installation Layout

3 MeV
Test Place
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The 3 MeV Test Stand

Chopper structure

Specific Components
H- ECR ion source

IPHI RFQ

Bunching cavities

Beam Shape and

Halo Monitor

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HV pulsed power
supplies for the
LEP klystrons

The 3 MeV Test Stand

Beam dynamics at
low energy.
Development of
the Chopper line:
to generate the
required time
structure of the beam
to clean the beam from
halo
to match it to the
subsequent RF
structures.

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10

The H ECR Source

-

Tests on the prototype source are under way.

Design work will be carried out during the rest
of 2004 and 2005.
The final source is not expected before 2007.

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The RFQ
The IPHI (Injecteur de Protons de Haute Intensit) RFQ is at
the core of the 3 MeV Test Place. It is being developed in France
within the IPHI collaboration between CEA and CNRS which CERN
has recently joined .

RF power is generated by a LEP klystron (352.21 MHz, 1 MW CW)

that will be operated in pulsed mode, by means of dedicated power
supplies expressly developed by a collaboration between GSI and
CERN.

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12

HV Pulsed Power Supplies

for the LEP klystron
CERN and GSI are formalizing an agreement for the
development of the power supplies based on common
requirements (Linac4 @ CERN and FAIR injector @ GSI).
Parameter
High Voltage pulse
amplitude
High Voltage pulse width
Pulse repetition rate
Acceptable voltage
deviation incl. ripple &
drop

Specified value
-100 kV
700 s
5 Hz
less than 0.1 %
(peak to peak)

First power supply to be delivered

before end 2005, second before
end 2006.

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13

The Chopper line

General guidelines
Compact design 3 m length
Dynamic range 20 60 mA
Small growth
z = const
rout = 1.17 rin
Tolerant to alignment errors
Good vacuum
~10-8 Torr

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14

Beam Dynamics in the Chopper

Line
The chopper line is designed transversely as five FODO
periods, while longitudinally three RF cavities match the
beam from the RFQ output to the (future) DTL input.
Chopper
structure

Chopper
structure

RFQ
output

DTL
input

Buncher
cavity

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Buncher
cavity

Buncher
cavity

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Beam Chopping (1)

A beam dump has been designed to intercept the deviated beam 1 m
downstream from the last chopper structure (radial separation
between the beam centers: 1.5 cm)
Beam Dump Side view
~ 100 mm
Water
Un-chopped beam
3 bunches
are dumped

5 bunches
are transmitted

Chopper Line Losses

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0.08 %
0.52 %
0.63 %
4.44 %

= 10 degrees

Water

94.3 %

110
100
90
T
ra
n
s
m
is
s
io
n[%
]

Output 1st Buncher

Input 1st Chopper
Chopper Structure
Chopped beam dump

Vacuum
flange

80
70

Beam

60

dump

50

Chopped Beam

40
30

0.016 %

20
10
0
2.5

2.55

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.75

2.8

2.85

2.9

2.95

Le ngth [m ]

16

Beam Chopping (2)

2 ns rise/fall time is required for bunch selectivity (352 MHz beam
structure), 500V between the deflecting plates to get the
required separation at the dump.
Double meander structure on Alumina
substrate
The first chopper structure
is under fabrication

The prototype of the RF amplifier

is under test

Pulse length: 8ns to 2s

Rep. rate (max): 45 MHz

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Longitudinal matching
The longitudinal matching is performed by 3 RF cavities working at
352 MHz: two with 30 mm aperture (B30), and one with 40 mm
aperture (B40) placed in the chopping region.
B30
Frequency (MHz)
352.0
Gap length (mm)
14.0
Q value
25000
Shunt impedance (M)
1.28
R/Q
52.2
Nominal voltage (kV)
140
Dissipated power (kW peak) 16
Kilpatrick factor
1.22

B40
352.0
14.0
24000
0.64
27.1
100
16.2
1.16

The electromagnetic and mechanical design has been completed for

the whole set of RF cavities. The construction phase for the first
B30 cavity is starting and will be completed within the end of 2004.

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18

The Beam Shape & Halo

Monitor
Longitudinal measurement
Measure residual H- in (not completely) chopped buckets with a
sensitivity of ~ 1000 ions, in the vicinity of full bunches (10 8 ions).
Detector must be turned ON/OFF within 1 ns, gating ratio 1:10 6
Transverse measurement
Halo diagnostics:
Beam core: d=1 cm, 108 H- /bunch/ cm2
Beam halo: d=4 cm, 103 H- /bunch/ cm2
Active area of detector 4 4 cm
Dynamic range: 1:106 by integrating over
several buckets
All components have been delivered. The vacuum
chamber is being designed. The detector will be
commissioned during the first months of 2005.

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Measurement Program
The 3 MeV test place will be used to commission the different
components of the line and perform conventional measurements on
the beam, in order to scan the full dynamic range of the system.

Three sets of measurements have particular relevance:

Validation of the Chopper principle and hardware

Characterize the separation capability (on/off) of the chopper line

(chopper voltage) and its time selectivity (rise and fall time).

Beam matching properties of the line

Measure longitudinal and transverse emittance (expected accuracy

within 10%) within different beam conditions.

Halo studies

Optimize the collimation system by characterizing the beam halo in

shape and intensity.

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Planning of the Project

Test of Linac4
RF structures
is possible

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Linac4
approval

Decision
on SPL

21

Status of the Project

The European Union is supporting beam dynamics
studies and RF system developments in the frame of
the HIPPI Joint Research Activity.
The design of the 3 MeV Test Stand is almost
completed. Still missing:
study of the beam current monitor
design of the vacuum chamber (short sections between major
components)

The design of the major components will be completed

in 2004.
The start of Linac4 construction in 2006 has been
included by the CERN DG among the strategic
priorities of the laboratory The 3 MeV Test Stand
is being designed to become the Linac4 Front End.
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H. Haseroth

The full picture

CDR 2

RF test
place ready

3 MeV test
place ready
Linac4
approval

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SPL
approval

LHC
upgrade

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Thank you
and Carlo Rossi for the preparation
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of this presentation

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