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MÁY GIA TỐC
MÁY GIA TỐC
NOI DUNG
GII THIEU
LY THUYET : 60% SO
TIET
BAO CAO : 20% SO TIET
IEM SO :
IEM BAI TAP : 10%
IEM BAO CAO : 20%
IEM THI CUOI KY : 70%
GII THIEU
Chum hat nang lng cao khong
nhng c s dung trong nhng
nghien cu c ban va ng dung
ma con c s dung trong
nhng lnh vc ky thuat va
cong nghe khac.
Tren the gii co khoang 26.000
may gia toc. Trong cac may nay
ch co 1% may co nang lng
tren 1GeV dung trong cac
nghien cu, khoang 44% may
gia toc dung trong ieu tr,
khoang 41% may dung trong
viec cay ion, khoang 9% may
dung trong cac quy trnh cong
nghiep va nghien cu, va
khoang 4% may dung cho y sinh
va cac nghien cu nang lng
thap
NG DUNG MY GIA TC
Cp chiu x c kh nng
chu nhit v chng n mn
ha hc
S dung trong cng ngh ch
to may bay, tu ngm, tu
tu v tru, trong lnh vc
vin thng v qun i.
Cc nc ng dng: Bc M,
Nht Bn, Trung Quc,
Hn Quc
Ch to vt liu co nhit
Dng may gia tc chm tia in t nng lng 1-3 MeV chiu x liu t 75250 kGy ln ng nha tng hp, em nung nhit 90-120 oC chng s co
li t 1/2- 1/4 ln. S dung lm cac v bc dy cap, ni cac ng ng
Dng chm in t nng lng 0,5-1,0 MeV chiu ln tm mng mng s
dung gi thc phm
Ch to vt liu lm v t
Dng nng lng bc x (gamma, EB) to lin kt mch Carbon ca vt liu
dng lm v xe. Khi mang di gia cng, ch to s t c ng u v
cn i tt nht, ngoi ra cn tng kh nng chu nhit ca v xe.
Gii hn liu: 30-50 kGy
Cac nc ng dung Nht Bn, Bc
M, Hn Quc. Cac v xe hin
thng mi ha t 5 cng ty ca
Nht Bn:
Bridgestone Corp., Yokohama Rubber
Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Rubber Industries
Ltd., Toyo Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd.,
Ohtsu Tire & Rubber Co., Ltd.
Bc M c 4 cng ty:
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Cooper
Tire & Rubber Co., Carlisle Tire &
Wheel Co., GTY Tire Co.
Ch to vt liu xp
Polyethylene c lin kt vi mt vi cht hu c khac bng bc x s to
ra mt vt liu c cac c tnh:
- co gin ln
- bin dng do nhit thp
- S n nh cao
- n hi cao
- thm nc thp
- t b n mn ha hc
Vt liu ny c s dung ch to tm
xp cach nhit, cach in tt, sn xut cac
dng th thao, giai dung, gh nm
trong xe t
Nht Bn, Bc M v sau
ny l Hn Quc s
dung may gia tc nng
lng 0,5-5 MeV to ra
cac vt liu ny, vi mc
liu 5-7 kGy
Trung tm s may
gia tc trong
nghin cu trn th
gii
ia im
CERN
GENEVA, THUY SI
FERMILAB
ILLINOIS, MY
KEK
TSUKUBA, NHT
DESY
HAMBURG, C
CERN
FERMILAB
KEK
GII
THIE
U
GII
THIE
U
1928: Wideroe cong bo hoat ong cua may gia toc thang
cho chum ion kali va natri, khao sat hoat ong cua
betatron, va b that bai trong viec thu chum tia do khong
at hoi tu.
1931: Van de Graaff lap rap may phat cao thea au
tien.
1932: Lawrence va Livingston lan au tien gia toc c
chum proton bang Cyclotron 1.2 MeV.
Crockcroft va Walton cai tien may phat a tang
e gia toc proton va tao phan ng hat nhan nhan tao
au tien: Li + p 2He.
1939: W.W. Hansen, R.Varian va S. Varian phat minh ra ong
phat song vi ba klystron tai Stanford
GII
THIE
U
GII
THIE
U
GII
THIE
U
CC LOAI MY GIA TC
May gia tc
Particle
accelerators
C ch gia tc: in t
trng
Electromagnetic
C ch: Cng hng
Resonant
Cockcroft
Walton.
Van de Graaff.
Pulsed Diodes.
Gia tc vng
Gia tc vng
Linear
Circular
Linear
Circular
RF electron Linac.
RF Quadrupole.
Cyclotron.
RF Synchrotron.
Synchrotron cam ng
Induction Synchrotron
Betatron
GII
THIE
U
GII
CAC
THIE
TOC
gia
U 1- May
(gia toac DC).
The
CockcroftWalton
(CW)
generator,
or
multiplier, is an electric circuit which generates a
high DC voltage from a low voltage AC or pulsing
DC input. It was named after British physicists
John Douglas Cockcroft
and
Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton, who in 1932 used this
circuit design to power their particle accelerator,
performing the first artificial nuclear disintegration in
history. They used this voltage multiplier cascade for
most of their research, which in 1951 won them the
Nobel Prize in Physics for "Transmutation of atomic
nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles". Less
well known is the fact that the circuit was discovered
much earlier, in 1919, by Heinrich Greinacher, a Swiss
physicist. For this reason, this doubler cascade is
sometimes also referred to as the Greinacher
My
gia tc CW
hayCockcroft-Walton
my pht CW l mch
inare
khuch
multiplier.
Today
circuits
still
i
mt chiu
DC t ngunbut
inalso
th xoay
chiu
usedcaointhparticle
accelerators,
in many
everyday
require
voltages,
thp.
Myelectronic
c t devices
tn theothat
hai nh
vt high
l ngi
Anh,
such
as
x-ray
machines,
television
sets, Sinton
and
John Douglas
Cockcroft
v Ernest
Thomas
photocopiers.
Walton. Vo nm 1932 hai nh my Vt l ny to ra
Design
Cu tao ca CW
CW c cu to t cac tu in v diod
theo s nh hnh bn. in th qua
mi tng s tng theo chu k chnh lu
dng in. Nu mun c in th u
ra cao th cn phi tng s tng khuch
i ln
Ci tin dy ai
C thm
b lc
1 million volts,
1979
3 million electron
volts
GII
THIE
U
GII
THIE
U
(gia toac
bi rf).
In 1924, G. Ising suggested the particles accelerating principle
with a linear series of conducting drift tubes and R. Widere
actually built a 'proof-of-principle' linear accelerator in 1928. For
the linear accelerator, alternate drift tubes are connected to the
same terminal of an rf generator
as shown in Fig
Sau
CU TO MY LINAC
Mt h LINAC gm c:
Ngun ion: thit k ca ngun da trn tnh cht ca
ht c gia tc.
Ngun cao th: gia tc ht lc ban u.
Bung chn khng: bao bc ton b h thng. Dng
ng chn khng hn ch cac va chm ca ht trn
ng i gip vic gia tt hiu qu hn. Kch thc
thay i ty theo muc ch ng dung.
Electrodes: cac cc in c di t l vi nhau, cach
nhau bi nhng khe c khong cach khng i.
Ngun Radio Frequency: ngun phat sng in trng
vi tn s microwave.
Mc tiu cui: c 2 ng dung thng dung nht l to
tia X trong cac my Linac Y hc v gia tc ht lc u
trc khi cho vo cac my gia tc vng hoc vng lu
tr.
NGUYN TC
HOT NG LINAC
GII
THIE
U
GII
THIE
U
Trong may gia tc vng, chm ht c gia tc bi in trng gia hai khe (hai
in cc) c to ra t sng v tuyn RF. T trng ch ng vai tr nh
hng lm cho chm ht gia tc chuyn ng trn cac qu o trn.
GII
THIE
U
6- My gia tc BETATRON.
L may gia tc vng c phat trin bi Donald Kerst i hc Illinois vo nm 1940
gia tc electron.
GII
THIE
U
GII
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U
Orthodox : chnh th
u im
The chief advantage of the synchrocyclotron is that there is no
need to restrict the number of revolutions executed by the ion
before its exit. As such, the potential difference supplied between
the dees can be much smaller.
The smaller potential difference needed across the gap has the
following uses:
1.There is no need for a narrow gap between the dees as in the
case of convention cyclotron, because strong electric fields for
producing large acceleration are not required. Thus only one dee
can be used instead of two, the other end of the oscillating
voltage supply being connected to earth.
2.The magnetic pole pieces can be brought closer, thus making it
possible to increase greatly the magnetic flux density.
3.The frequency valve oscillator is able to function with much
greater efficiency.
Han ch
The main drawback of this device is that, as a result of the
variation in the frequency of the oscillating voltage supply, only a
very small fraction of the ions leaving the source are captured in
phase-table orbits of maximum radius and energy so that the
output beam current is rendered weak. Thus the machine
GII
THIE
U
GII
THIE
U
GII
THIE
U
11- Microtron.
A microtron is a cyclotron in which the kinetic energy of
electrons is increased by a constant amount per field change
(one half or a whole revolution). They are designed to operate at
constant field frequency and magnetic field strength despite
notable relativistic effects at higher energies. Thus, power
consumption can be much reduced.
In a microtron due to their different relativistic mass the electrons
in different passes of the acceleration fly on different paths
through the bending magnet dees. The time needed for that is
proportional to the pass number. The slow electrons need one
electric field oscillation, the faster electrons an integer multiple of
A 20 oscillation.
MeV , 30 mA microtron is used as an injector to
this
the booster. This microtron is fully designed at RRCAT
and has been fabricated locally. The main feature of
this microtron is that it is mounted in vertical
orientation to match the emittance of the electron
beam from it with the acceptance of the booster in the
horizontal and vertical planes. Microwave system
consisting of a microwave source, a transmission line
and a radio frequency (RF) cavity has been also
fabricated. Microwave source consists of a 5 MW
pulsed klystron and a solid state synthesizer. The
components of microwave transmission line are made
in S-band WR784 waveguide section. The transmission
line is pressurized to 2.5 Kg/sq.cm. with dry nitrogen.
RF cavity is a cylindrical cavity resonant in TEM 010
mode. A cylindrical pin of Lanthanum hexaboride is