Smal

an gingival
Epiteliu gingival
Gingie
Os alveolar

Pulp
Dentin
Cement
Canal

Ligament periodontal

Foramen apical

Organul dentar
Dintele

Coroan
Colet
Rdcin
Foramen apical

Periodontul

Cement
Ligament periodontal
Os alveolar
Gingie

Enamel - the translucent

outer layer of the tooth. It
is the hardest substance in
the human body.
Consists of:
- 96% inorganic salts
- 4% organic substancesglycoproteins enamelin.
This substances are
packed in specific
hexagonal prisms. Enamel
prisms are striated and the
striations occur regularly
every 4m.
Striae of Retzius can be
seen

Dentin - forms the bulk of the

tooth. It supports enamel and
acts as the skeleton of the
tooth. It is the second hardest
tissue in the human body.
Consists of:
-72% inorganic salts (Ca
phosphate, Mg phosphate)
-28% organic substances
(collagen type I, proteoglycans
and glycoproteins).
Contains unique radial
striations, called dentinal
tubules. Each tubule is filled
with an elongated cellular
process of an odontoblast, and
nerve endings.

Cementumisthethird
mineralizedtissueofthetooth
andisashardasboneis,but
hasnoHaversiansystems.
Consistsof:
-50%inorganicsalts
-50%organicsubstances.
Thereare2typesof
cementum:
I.Cellularcontains
cementocytesand
cementoblasts
II.Acelularhasnocells.
Cementumcanbeformed
throughoutlife.

Collagen
fibers of the
periodontal
ligament insert
into the
cementum and
also into the
bone of the
alveolus
attaching the
tooth to the
jaw.

Bone - alveolar
bone forms the
tooth socket and
provides it with
support.

Pulp - loose
connective
tissue, located in
the center of the
tooth, it contains
the arteries, veins
and nerves.
Root canal - canal in
the root of the tooth
where the nerves
and blood vessels
travel through.

Componente
Pulpa dentar
esut conjunctiv lax la tineri,
fibros la vrstnici
SF bogat, numeroase fibre
nervoase
Stratul periferic: odontoblaste

Dentina
Odontoblast
Canaliculi dentinali

Smalul
Prismele smalului
Ameloblast
Leziunile: ireversibile

Budstage

Bellstage

Capstage

Hitogenesis

Budstage-oralepitheliumproliferatesandaplateofepithelium
growsintotheunderlyingectomesenchymeandformthedental
lamina.Shortlyafterappearancedentallaminaincreasesitsmitotic
activityandformepithelialstructures,calledtoothbuds.

Capstage
-mitoticactivityofthebudsincreases,formingacap-shaped
enamelorgan
-enamelorganiscomposedof3layers:
a) Theconvexouterenamelepithelium
b) Theconcaveinnerenamelepithelium
c) Stellatereticulum
-ectomesenchymalcellsformthedentalpapilla
-additionalectomesenchymalcellssurroundthetoothgermand
formthedentalsac
-dentallaminaforpermanenttoothisformed

Bellstage
-cellsattheperipheryofthedentalpapilla
differentiateintoodontoblastsandbeginto
elaboratepredentin.
-CellsoftheIEEdifferentiateintoameloblasts
whichbegintoelaborateenamel
-Thedentinandenameladjoineachotherandthe
junctionbetweenthemiscalledthedentino-enamel
junction.

Histogenesisoftoothtissues

Odontoblastul
Celul columnar
Dispuse pe un singur rnd
la periferia pulpei dentare
Nucleu ovalar, la polul
pulpar
Citoplasm cu organite
nespecifice
Prelungire inclus n
canaliculii dentinali
Secret precursorii
dentinei

esuturile de susinere
Cement
Acoper dentina rdcinii
Celular i acelular
Cementocite i matrice

Ligament periodontal
Solidarizeaz cementul la osul
alveolar
Fibroblaste, fibre colagene i
oxitalanice

Os alveolar
esut osos imatur de tip spongios
Remodelare

Gingie