Owj200501 Wcdma Hsdpa Principles

Principles of HSDPA
ISSUE 1.0
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Review WCDMA and HSDPA evolution and standards
Review R99 packet data service method
Describe HSDPA physical channels
HSDPA Network and UE protocol stack architecture
Page2
Contents
1.
HSDPA Concepts
2.
HSDPA Key Techniques
3.
HSDPA Physical Layer Channels
4.
HSDPA Layer2 Protocol
Page3
WCDMA Evolution
Page4
Release 99 Packet Data
How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD) ?
DCH ( Dedicated Channel )
Spreading codes assigned per user
Closed loop power control
Soft handover
FACH ( Common Channel )
Common Spreading code
No closed loop power control
No soft handover
Page5
Release 99 Downlink Limitation
Dedicated Channel Features ( DCH )
Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps
OVSF code limitation for high data rate users
Rate switching according to burst throughput is slow
Outer loop power control responds slowly to channel
Common Channel Features ( FACH )
Good for burst data application
Only low data rates supported
Fixed transmit power
Page6
High Speed Downlink Packet Access

(HSDPA)
The differences between HSDPA and R99
Set of high data rate channel
Channels are shared by multiple users
Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource

every 2 ms
HS-PDSCH
Node B
Page7

(HSDPA)
How will HSDPA figure out the limitations of R99
Adaptive modulation and coding
Fast feedback of Channel condition
QPSK and16QAM
Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1
Multi-code operation
Multiple codes allocated per user
Fixed spreading factor
NodeB fast Scheduling
Physical Layer HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest )
Page8

(HSDPA)
Comparison Summary
Page9
Contents
1.
HSDPA Concepts
2.
3.
4.
Page10

Block 1
Block 1
Block 1?
Block 1
Block 2
+
Block 1?
AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding)
HARQ Hybrid ARQ with
Data rate adapted to radio condition on 2ms
Soft combing
Reduce round trip time
SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM
16QAM
Dynamic shared in Time and code domain
16QAM in complement to QPSK

for higher peak bit rates
Fast Scheduling based on

CQI and fairness
Scheduling of user on 2ms
3 New Physical Channels
Page11
Adaptive Modulation and Coding

( AMC )
AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI

( Channel Quality Indicator )
Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition
Good channel condition higher data rate
Bad channel condition lower data rate
Adjust channel coding rate to compensation channel condition
Good channel condition channel coding rate is higher e.g. 3/4
Bad channel condition channel coding rate is higher e.g. 1/3
Adjust the modulation scheme to compensation channel condition
Good channel condition high order modulation scheme e.g. 16QAM
Bad channel condition low order modulation scheme e.g. QPSK
Page12
Adaptive Modulation and Coding

( AMC )
AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI

( Channel Quality Indicator )
CQI ( channel quality indicator )
UE measures the channel quality and reports to NodeB

every 2ms or more cycle
NodeB selects modulation scheme ,data block size based on

CQI
Power Control
Bad channel condition

More power
Good channel condition
less power
Rate Adaptation
Bad channel condition
Node B
low data rate

Good channel condition
high data rate
Page13
Node B
CQI mapping table for UE category

10
CQI value
Transport
Number of
Block Size
HS-PDSCH
Modulation
Reference power
adjustment
N/A
Out of range
137
QPSK
173
QPSK
13
2279
QPSK
14
2583
QPSK
15
3319
QPSK
16
3565
16-QAM
17
4189
16-QAM
18
4664
16-QAM
28
23370
15
16-QAM
29
24222
15
16-QAM
30
25558
15
16-QAM
Page14
HSDPA UE Categories
UE Category
Maximum
Number of HSDSCH Codes
Received
Minimum InterTTI Interval
Maximum Number of Bits of an

HS-DSCH Transport Block
Received Within an HS-DSCH
TTI
Total Number of Soft

Channel Bits
Category 1
7298
19200
Category 2
7298
28800
Category 3
7298
28800
Category 4
7298
38400
Category 5
7298
57600
Category 6
7298
67200
Category 7
10
14411
115200
Category 8
10
14411
134400
Category 9
15
20251
172800
Category 10
15
27952
172800
Category 11
3630
14400
Category 12
3630
28800
Page15
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest

( HARQ )
Conventional ARQ
In a conventional ARQ scheme, received data blocks that can

not be correctly decoded are discarded and retransmitted
data blocks are separately decoded
Hybrid ARQ
In case of Hybrid ARQ with soft combining, received data

blocks that can not be correctly decoded are not discarded.
Instead the corresponding received signal is buffered and soft
combined with later received retransmission of information
bits. Decoding is then applied to the combined signal.
Page16

( HARQ )
Example for HARQ
The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the effective

received Eb/Io for each retransmission and thus increases
the probability for correct decoding of retransmissions,
compare to conventional ARQ
Page17

( HARQ )
There are many different schemes for HARQ with soft

combining.
These scheme differ in the structure of

retransmissions and in the way by which the soft
combining is carried out at the receiver
In case of Chase combining ( CC ) each retransmission

is an identical copy of the original transmission
In case of Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) each

retransmission may add new redundancy
Page18

( HARQ )
Example for Chase Combining ( CC ) Scheme
Page19

( HARQ )
Example for Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) Scheme
Page20
Fast Scheduling
Fast scheduling is about to decided to which terminal

the shared channel transmission should be directed
at any given moment
Page21
Short TTI (2ms)
Shorter TTI ( Transmission Time Interval ) is to

reduce RTT ( round trip time )
Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other

functionalities such as AMC, scheduling algorithm
and HARQ
Page22
Shared Channel Transmission
In HSDPA, a new DL transport channel is introduced

call HS-DSCH. The idea is that a part of the total
downlink code resource is dynamically shared
between a set of HSDPA users
Page23
Shared Channel Transmission
The codes are assigned to HSDPA user only when

they are actually to be used for transmission, which
leads to efficient code and power utilization
All
channelization
codes available
for HSDPA
Channelization
code
Time
UE1 data
UE2 data
UE3 data
Page24
Higher-Order Modulation
Page25
HSDPA New Physical Channels
Page26
Contents
1.
HSDPA Concepts
2.
3.
4.
Page27
R99 Physical Channels
Page28
New HSDPA Channels
High Speed Downlink shared Channel ( HS-DSCH )
High Speed Shared Control Channel ( HS-SCCH )
Downlink Control Channel
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel ( HS-PDSCH )
Downlink Transport Channel
Downlink Physical Channel
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel ( HSDPCCH )
Uplink Control Channel
Page29
HSDPA Physical Channels
Page30
HS-PDSCH sub-frame Structure
HS-PDSCH sub-frame structure
3 time slots constituted one TTI (2ms)
Fixed spreading factor ( SF=16 )
May use QPSK or 16QAM modulation scheme
All HS-PDSCH used to carry users data
UE can be assigned multiple OVSF code ( SF=16 ) based on UE

Categories
Data
N data 1 bits
T slot = 2560 chips, M*10*2
Slot #0
bits (k=4)
Slot#1
Slot #2
1 subframe: T f = 2 ms
Page31
HS-SCCH sub-frame Structure
HS-SCCH subframe structure
3 time slots constitutes one TTI ( 2ms )
HS-SCCH SF=128, QPSK only
HS-SCCH carries the following control messages: Xue, Xccs, Xms, Xrv,
Xtbs, Xhap and Xnd
UE demodulates HS-SCCH sub-frame and find out the received data

addressed to the UE with Xue. Then UE demodulates HS-PDSCH subframe with Xccs, Xms, Xrv, Xhp, Xtbs and Xnd are used for HARQ Process
UE may need to simultaneous monitor up to four HS-SCCH

Data
Ndata 1 bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
Slot #0
Slot#1
Slot #2
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
Page32
HS-DPCCH sub-frame Structure

HS-DPCCH sub-frame structure
TTI=2ms ( 3 time slots ), SF=256, Fixed rate of 15kbps, carry 2 types of
HSDPA uplink physical layer control message, including ACK/NACK CQI
ACK and NACK notifies NodeB that UE has received correct downlink
data or not. The field defines like this: 1-NACK, 0-ACK
CQI reflects physical channel quality indicator based on CPICH strength,
and reported by period range from 0 to 160ms ( 0 means no

transmission ). Usually the period is 2ms ( one TTI )
ACK/NACK and CQI having different function may be controlled
independently by different parameters.

T slot = 2560 chips
2 Tslot = 5120 chips
HARQ-ACK
CQI
One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)
Subframe #0
Subframe #i
Subframe #4
One radio frame Tf = 10 ms
Page33
Associated physical channel - DPCH
Besides 3 physical channels on top. There is another physical channel
named DPCH, which is a dedicated channel . DPCH is also called

associated channel used for signalling transmission and power control
DPCH does not carry service generally, sometimes carry real time
(RT) service such as AMR service
Node B
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
DPCH
HS-DPCCH
UE
Page34
HSDPA Physical Channels Timing
Start of HS-SCCH is aligned with the start of PCCPCH
HS-PDSCH, subframe is transmitted two slots after the

associated HS-SCCH subframe
Page35
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data

Rate
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum data rate is 14.4Mbps
How do we get to 14.4Mbps ?
Multi-code transmission
NodeB must allocate all 15 OVSF codes ( SF =16 ) to one UE
Consecutive assignments using multiple HARQ process
NodeB must allocate all time slots to one UE
UE must decode all transmission correctly on the first transmission
Low channel coding gain
Effective code rate = 1
Requires very good channel conditions to decode
16QAM
Requires very good channel condition
Page36
Contents
1.
HSDPA Concepts
2.
3.
4.
Page37
HSDPA Protocol Stack
Page38
UTRAN MAC Architecture
Page39
UTRAN MAC-hs Architecture
Page40
UE MAC-hs Architecture
Page41
Implementation of MAC-hs
Coding
and
modulation
Code
allocation
Code available
TFRC
Waiting time
OM
parameters
CQI Value
Stat. Of ACK/NACK
ACK/NACK HS-DPCCH
HARQ
demodulation and
CQI adjustment
decode
Scheduler
CQI Value
Power limitation
Queue filling info
Queue priority
Power
management
Queues/flow
control
Power for HSDPA
power monitor
Data flow
SRNC(MAC-d)
Control signal
Page42
Thank You

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Principles of HSDPA

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Review WCDMA and HSDPA evolution and standards

Review R99 packet data service method

Describe HSDPA physical channels

HSDPA Network and UE protocol stack architecture

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HSDPA Key Techniques

HSDPA Physical Layer Channels

HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release 99 Packet Data

How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD) ?

DCH ( Dedicated Channel )

Spreading codes assigned per user

Closed loop power control

FACH ( Common Channel )

Common Spreading code

No closed loop power control

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Release 99 Downlink Limitation

Dedicated Channel Features ( DCH )

Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps

OVSF code limitation for high data rate users

Rate switching according to burst throughput is slow

Outer loop power control responds slowly to channel

Common Channel Features ( FACH )

Good for burst data application

Only low data rates supported

Fixed transmit power

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

The differences between HSDPA and R99

Set of high data rate channel

Channels are shared by multiple users

Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

How will HSDPA figure out the limitations of R99

Adaptive modulation and coding

Fast feedback of Channel condition

Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1

Multiple codes allocated per user

Fixed spreading factor

NodeB fast Scheduling

Physical Layer HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest )

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HSDPA Key Techniques

HSDPA Physical Layer Channels

HSDPA Layer2 Protocol

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

HSDPA Key Techniques

AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding)

HARQ Hybrid ARQ with

Data rate adapted to radio condition on 2ms

SF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM

Dynamic shared in Time and code domain

16QAM in complement to QPSK

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fast Scheduling based on