INDIRECT VECTOR CONTROL OF

INDUCTIONMOTOR WITH RANDOM LOADING

USING ANN

By
M.DINESH Reddy
(R.No.: 645403)
Internal Guide: Sri.T. Reddy ME, (Ph.D)

OVER VIEW
Introduction
Vector Control Scalar Control Set backs
Induction motor Modelling
Neural Controller Conventional Controller Set backs
Simulations
Results
Conclusion
Bibiliography

INTRODUCTION
The simulation of Vector controlled Induction motor is done
indirectly by Matlab Simulink.

The Torque - Speed characteristics are similar to dc drive with

high starting torque and variable speed.

Vector control decouples Torque and Flux control of IM.

The Indirect Vector control scheme is preferred in the industry
because of its simplicity.

The IM is modeled using the d-q transformation as it

adequately simulates the transient performance.

The dynamic behavior can be made to match with that of

Separately excited dc motor.

Overview

Scalar Control
Controls only Magnitude of control variables
System gives Sluggish response due to the coupling effect.
Less effective
High Current transients
System easily prone to instability.
Overview

Vector Control
Both the Magnitude and Phase alignment of vector variables are
controlled.
Decouples the Torque and Flux control of InductionMotor.
Vector control gives fast dynamic response without high current
transients.
Vector control operation leads to Low energy Consumption,Low
operating costs and High efficiency.
Induction motor can be controlled like a separately exited dc
motor.
Overview

Fig (a) Separately Excited DC motor

Fig (b) Vector- Controlled Induction motor.

Overview

Principle of Vector Control:

.Frequency as well as the phase are controlled indirectly with the
help of the unit vector.

Overview

Direct Vector Control:

Direct relies on Flux feedback.
Complex to implement.
High cost.
Measurement is not accurate.

Indirect Vector Control:

Indirect relies on Speed feedback
Easily to implement.
Low cost.
Accurate response.
Overview

Phasor diagram of Indirect Vector control :

rotor pole is directed on de axis

we = wr + wsl
Overview

Field component Iqs should be aligned on the de axis &Torque

component of current Ids should be on the qe axis

e e dt r sl dt r sl
The total finalized equations :

I qs 2/3 2/P L r /L m Te / r
Whe
re
Slip
speed

est

r (L m I ds )/(1 r s)
est

r )
sl (L m /L r )(Iqs /
est

Overview

Modelling of the Induction Motor

The voltage equations of induction motor are time varying and complex in

nature.
A transformation is used which converts stator and rotor variables of induction
motor to a frame of reference that rotates at an arbitrary angular velocity.
fqd0s =Ks f abcs
The above equation transforms 3 phase variables of stationary circuit elements
to arbitrary reference frame.

Three phase stationary reference frame (as-bs cs) variables into two phase
stationary reference) frame (ds qs)
neglect the Zero sequence component.

Overview

Complete Induction Machine Model:

Overview

Synchronously rotating reference frame dynamic

model
to represent both ds -qs circuits and dr -qr their variables in a
synchronously rotating frame de qe
Dynamic de -qe equivalent circuit of machine qe axis circuit:

Overview

Dynamic de - qe equivalent circuit of machine - de axis circuit

Overview

Voltage equations :
Vqs R s i qs

qs e ds
dt

Vds R s i ds

ds e qs
dt

d
Vqr R r i qr qr e r dr
dt
Vdr R r i dr

dr e r qr
dt

Overview

Flux linkages equations:

qse = Lls iqse + Lm(iqse +iqre )
dse = Lls idse + Lm(idse +idre )
qre = Llr iqre + Lm(iqse +iqre )
dre = Llr idre + Lm(idse +idre )
qme = Lm(iqse +iqre )
dme = Lm(idse +idre )
Overview

Dynamic model state equations

d qs /dt Vqs e ds R s /L Ls (L ml /L Lr ) qr [(L ml /L ls ) 1] qs

d ds /dt Vqs e qs R s /L Ls {(L ml /L Lr ) dr [(L ml /L ls ) 1] ds }

d qr /dt {( e r ) qs R r /L Lr {(L ml /L Ls ) qs [(L ml /L lr ) 1] qr }}

d dr /dt {-( e r ) qr R r /L Lr {(L ml /L Ls ) ds [(L ml /L lr ) 1] dr }}

dwr / dt = (P/2J)* (Te-TL)

Overview

Conventional PI Controller
Controller: Modify the error signal & achieve better control
action.
Modify the transient response & the steady state error of the
system.
The aim of a PI controller is to determine the stator voltage
frequency that will make the measured output (speed of the
rotor) reach the reference.
A proportional (kp) term,which is equal to the product of the
error signal by a constant called the proportional gain.
The integral (Ki) term of the controller is used to eliminate
small steady errors.The I term calculates a continuous running
total of the error signal.

Overview

PI Controller:

Set backs:
High Peak Overshoot
Prolong Settlingtime
Overview

Neural Proportional Integral Controller:

The Neural PI controller is same as the Conventional PI controller
but the gain blocks are realised using Neural network techniques.
ANN: It is the most generic form of AI for emulating the human
thinking process.
The basic structure of a Neuron is shown below:

Overview

MODEL OF A NEURON
A Neuron is the fundamental building block of nervous system that
performs computational and communication function.

Overview

Artificial Neural Network : It can be defined as a highly connected ensemble of processing

elements called neurons or nodes.
An artificial neuron is a multi-input, single output processing element
consisting of a summation operation and an activation function.

Overview

Neural Network Subsystem

Layer Subsystem

Overview

Advantages:
1. Neural networks can perform massively parallel operations.
2. Neural networks exhibit fault tolerance since the information is
distributed in the connections throughout the network.
3. Self learning capability
4. Real time operation.
5. By using Neural PI controller the Peak overshoot is reduced
and the system reaches the steady state quickly when
compared to a conventional PI controller.

Overview

Neural PI Controller

Applications:

Sales Forecasting
Industrial Process control
Customer Research
Data Validation
Risk Management
Target Marketing

Overview

SIMULATION RESULTS:

Overview

PARAMETERS:
3 PHASE Induction Motor RATING @ 50hp, 460V,4pole,50Hz
Rotor resistance [ohm]
Stator resistance [ohm]
Stator leakage inductance [H]
Rotor leakage inductance [H]
Magnetizing inductance [H]
Number of poles

0.228
0.087
0.8e-3
0.8e-3
34.7e-3
4

Overview

#Case 1: No-Load
PI Controller: Speed(rad/s) Vs Time(s)

Overview

Torque(N-m) Vs Time(s)

Peak Overshoot:5%

Overview

Current (A) Vs Time(s)

Overview

NN Controller:

At No-Load:
Speed(rad/s) Vs Time(s):

Overview

Torque(N-m) Vs Time(s)

Overview

Current (A) Vs Time(s)

Overview

#Case 2: Step Change in -Load

PI Controller:

Speed(rad/s)Vs Time(s)

Overview

Torque(N-m) Vs Time(s)

Overview

Current (A) Vs Time(s)

Overview

NN Controller:
Speed(rad/s) Vs Time(s):

Overview

Torque(N-m)Vs Time(s)

Overview

Current (A) Vs Time(s)

Overview

#Case 3 : Speed Reversal:

PI Controller:

Speed(rad/s) Vs Time(s):

Overview

Torque(N-m) Vs Time(s)

Overview

Current (A) Vs Time(s)

Overview

NN Controller:
Speed(rad/s) Vs Time(s):

Overview

Torque(N-m)Vs Time(s)

Overview

Current (A) Vs Time(s)

Overview

Conclusion
Neural Controllers are fast acting & more accurate.
Avoids prolonged Settling time & High Peak overshoots.

Future Scope
Implementation of NEuro-Fuzzy CONtroller (NEFCON)
for further better performance.
NEFCON combines the merits of Fuzzy systems and Neural
networks.
Overview

BIBILOGRAPHY
1.C.M.Liaw.Y.S.Kung and M.S.Ouyang Identification and control of

inductionmachines using artificial neural networks.IEEE Trans Ind.Applicat.

vol.31.pp.612-619,1995.
2. C.M.Liaw.Y.S.Kung and C.M.Wu Design and implementation of a high
performance field oriented Inductionmotor drive.IEEE Trans Ind.Applicat.
vol.38.pp.275-282,1991.
3.M.A.Wishart and R.G.Harley Identification and control of
inductionmachines using artificial neural networks.IEEE Trans Ind.Applicat.
vol.34.pp.412-419,1994.
4.Levin and K.S.Narendra Control dynamics systems using neural networks
controllability and stabilization. IEEE Trans on Neural networks.NN-1. 1,427,1990.
5..Artificial neural networks B.Yagna narayana
6.An introduction to neural networks JA.Anderson
7.Electrical machines P.S.Bimbra
8.Electrical machines S.K.Bhatta charya
9.Machine modelling Krause
10.Electrical drives---- Vedam subramanyam
11.Modern power electronics and ac drives-----Bimal.K.Bose
Overview