TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

SEVEN BASIC QUALITY

TOOLS

INTRODUCTION
Quality tools are more specific - tools which can
be applied to solving problems in improving
quality in organizations, manufacturing, or even in
individual processes.
They were first emphasized by Kaoru Ishikawa,
professor of engineering at Tokyo University and
the father of quality circles.

Seven Basic Quality Tools

Check sheet
Pareto chart
Flow chart
Cause and effect diagram
Histogram
Scatter diagram
Control chart

Histograms
A frequency distribution shows how often
each different value in a set of data
occurs. A histogram is the most
commonly used graph to show frequency
distributions.
Histograms provide the easiest way to
evaluate the distribution of data.

Pareto Chart
The Pareto Chart is a histogram ordered by the
frequency of result occurrences, showing how
many results were generated by the type or
category of the identified cause.
The relative position of the occurrences is used
to guide corrective actions.
The corrective actions must initially focus on
the problems that are causing the majority of
defects

Pareto Chart

Cause and Effect Diagram

Diagram showing the cause of a
certain event.
Used to identify potential factors
causing an overall effect.
Used to see all possible causes of a
result and hopefully find the root of
process imperfections.
It is known as fishbone diagram
because its shape is similar to side
view of a fish skeleton.

Cause and Effect Diagram

Flowcharting
A visual representation of a process
which can help in identifying points
where failures may occur and
intervention is useful.
It can be used in any process: a
manufacturing process, an
administrative or service process, a
project plan.

Flowcharting

Control Charts
Control charts present the results of a
process over time.
They are used to determine if the
process is under control.
They are used to monitor any type of
variable output.
Can be used to monitor
Cost and schedule variances;
Volume and frequency of changes;
Errors in the project documentation

Control Charts

Checklist
It is a list with previously defined
options that are used as a guide to
control risks.
It allows a thorough evaluation in a
short period of time.

Scatter Diagrams
Scatter Diagrams are used to study
and identify the possible relationship
between the changes observed in
two different sets of variables.
If the variables are correlated, the
points will fall along a line or curve.
The better the correlation, the
tighter the points will hug the line

Scatter Diagram

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Thank you