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Isobaric Process
Isobaric Process
Isobaric Process
ISOBARIC PROCESS
OF VAPORS
RB Astillero
Asst. Prof. I
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h = u + pv
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The Tv plane
The Ts plane
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NONFLOW WORK, Wn
The work of a reversible nonflow constant pressure
process.
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NONFLOW WORK, Wn
Wn =
At p = c,
Wn = = p(v2 v1)
[unit mass]
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h1 = hf1 + x1hfg1
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HEAT TRANSFERRED
From the simple energy equation,
Q = u2 u1 + Wn
For steady flow and nonflow processes
Q = u2 u1 + p(v2 v1)
= u2 u1 + pv2 pv1
= u2 u1 + p2v2 p1v1
= (u2 + p2v2) (u1 + p1v1)
= h2 h1
Where h1 = hf1 + x1hfg1
u2 u1 = (h2 p2v2) (h1 p1v1)
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EXAMPLE 1:
Steam with a specific volume of 0.09596 m 3/kg undergoes
a constant pressure process at 1.70 MPa until the specific
volume becomes 0.13796 m3/kg. What are (a) the final
temperature, (b) u, (c) W, (d) s, and (e) Q?
Solution:
Point 1:
Steam at a pressure of 1.70 MPa and with a specific
volume of 0.09596 m3/kg is a wet-mixture, the specific
volume of saturated steam at 1.70 mPa is 0.11673 m 3/kg.
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Solution Example 1:
@ p1 = 1.70 mPa
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Solution Example 1:
Point 2:
23.7
x3
18.2
x2
2725
2963.0
x4
0.0441
0.13944 270
10
x1
0.00175
0.00323
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Solution Example 1:
x3 = 12.84; h2 = 2939.3 + 12.84 = 2952.1 kJ/kg
x4 = 0.02389; s2 = 6.6849 + 0.02389 = 6.7088 kJ/kgK
Therefore:
(a) t 2 = 265.4C (ans)
(b) u = u2 u1 = 2717.6 2286.9 = 430.7 kJ/kg (ans)
(c) W = p(v2 v1) = 1700(0.1379609596)=71.4 kJ/kg (ans)
(d) s = s2 s1 = 6.7088 5.6761 = 1.0327 kJ/kgK (ans)
(e) Q = h2 h1 = 2952.1 2450.0 = 502.1 kJ/kg (ans)
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EXAMPLE 2:
Steam with an enthalpy of 2843.5 kJ/kg undergoes a
constant pressure process at 0.9 MPa until the enthalpy
becomes 2056.1 kJ/kg. What are (a) the initial temperature
or quality, (b) u, (c) W, (d) s, and (e) Q
Solution:
Point 1:
Steam with an enthalpy of 2843.5 kJ/kg at a pressure of
0.90 MPa is a superheated vapor.
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Solution Example 2:
210
0.2364
2644.2
6.8008
0.0486
2856.9
6.7522
s1
x4
2626.3
u1
17.9
0.2303
v1
x3
200
t1
x2
0.0061
2833.6
2843.5
x1
10
23.3
9.9
@ p1 = 0.90 Mpa
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Solution Example 2:
x3 = 7.6; u1 = 2626.3 + 7.6 = 2633.9 kJ/kg
x4 = 0.0206; s1 = 6.7522 + 0.0206 = 6.7728 kJ/kgK
Point 2:
Steam with an enthalpy of 2056.1 kJ/kg at a pressure of 0.90
MPa is a wet mixture.
@ p2 = 0.90 MPa
vf2 = 0.0011212 hf2 = 742.83 sf2 = 2.09046 uf2 = 741.83
vfg2 = 0.2139
vg2 = 0.215
ug2 = 2580.5
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Solution Example 2:
== 0.6466
v2 = vf2 + x2vfg2 = 0.00112112 + (0.6466)(0.2139) = 0.1394 m3/kg
u2 = uf2 + x2ufg2 = 741.83 + (0.6466)(1838.6) = 1930.7 kJ/kg
s2 = sf2 + x2sfg2 = 2.0946 + (0.6466)(4.5280) = 5.0224 kJ/kgK
Therefore:
(a) t1 = 204.2 C (ans)
u = u2 u1 = 1930.7 2633.9 = -703.2 kJ/kg (ans)
(c)
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EXERCISES:
1. A piston-cylinder containing steam at 700 kPa and 250C
undergoes a constant pressure process until the quality is
70%. Determine per kilogram (a) the work done, (b) the
heat transferred, (c) the change of internal energy, and (d)
the change of enthalpy.
Ans. (a) 101.4 kJ/kg; (b) -810 kJ/kg; (c) -708 kJ/kg;
(d) 810 kJ/kg
2. Steam at 3.1 MPa and with 74.28C SH rejects 1973.36
kJ/kg of steam heat at constant pressure, determine (a) the
final temperature and (b) the change in specific entropy.
Ans. (a) 235.7C; (b) -3.8572 kJ/kgK
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EXERCISES:
3. With 3% moisture, 2.5 kg of steam has an enthalpy of
6600 kJ. It is heated at constant pressure to a final
condition of 80 superheat. Find (a) the pressure of the
process and (b) the quantity of heat received by the steam.
Ans. (a) 0.22 MPa; (b) 575 kJ
4. Five kg of water vapor are contained at 150 kPa and
90% quality in a suitable enclosure. Calculate the heat
which must be added in order to just produce a saturated
vapor. What will the pressure be at the end of the heating
process?
Ans. 1045.5 kJ, 168 kPa
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QUIZ#1
1. Steam at a temperature of 190C has a specific internal
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QUIZ #1
1. Steam at a temperature of 135C has a specific internal