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Amyanthropometry 130824161551 Phpapp02
Amyanthropometry 130824161551 Phpapp02
Anthropometry: Introduction
A branch of anthropology that involves the
quantitative measurement of the human body.
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Anthropometric Methods
Anthropometry is the measurement
of body height, weight & proportions.
It is an essential component of
clinical examination of infants,
children & pregnant women.
It is used to evaluate both under &
over nutrition.
The measured values reflects the
current nutritional status & dont
differentiate between acute &
chronic changes .
Classification of age
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Anthropometric Measurements
Height, weight
Mid-arm circumference(1-5years)
Head circumference
chest circumference
Skin fold thickness
Hip/waist ratio
Weight
The measurement of weight is most reliable criteria of
assessment of health and nutritional status of children.
The weight can be recorded using a :
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1.0kg/month(30g/day)
0.75kg/month(20gm/day)
0.50kg/month(15g/day)
2.25kg/yr
2.75 kg/yr
5.0-6.0kg/yr
(0.5kg/month)
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2 x birth weight
3 x birth weight
4 x birth weight
7 x birth weight
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Length or Height/Stature
Measurement Technique
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Technique of length
measurement
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14
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Height Velocity
AGE
Birth to 3 months
3 6 months
2.0cm/month
6 9 months
1.5cm/month
9 12 months
1.3cm/month
2 5 years
6 8cm/year
5 12 years
At birth
5cm/year
50cms
25cms
12.5cms
7.5 to 10cms
5 to 7.5cms
Adolescence
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Degree of malnutrition
Expected weight
______________ x 100
Actual weight(kg)
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WEECHS FORMULA
a) 3 12 months
Expected weight(kg) = age (months) + 9 /
2
b) 1- 6 years
Expected weight(kg) = age (years) x 2 + 8
c) 7 12 years
Expected weight(kg) = age (years) x 7 5/2
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Grade of malnutrition
>80 %
71-80%
61-70%
51-60%
<50%
Normal
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
(Mild)
(Moderate)
(Severe)
(very severe)
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WEIGHT-FOR-HEIGHT
Weight-for-height =
Nutritional Status
>90%
85-90 %
75-80 %
<75 %
Normal
Borderline Malnutrition
Moderate Malnutrition
Severe Malnutrition
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Video
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Chest circumference
It is usually measured at the level of nipples,
preferably in mid inspiration.
Xiphisternum
In children
<= 5years - lying down position
> 5 years - standing position
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MID-UPPER ARM
CIRCUMFERENCE
30
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Ht. (cm)
16.5
133.0
13.5
103.5
12.5
70.0
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Skinfold thickness
Measured with Herpendens caliper
Triceps or subscapular region
The skinfold with subcutaneous fat is picked
up with thumb and index finger, and caliper
is applied beyond the pinch.
Fat thickness
>10mm - healthy children 1-6 years
<6mm - is indicative of moderate to
severe degree of malnutrition
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Body ratios
Rao & Singhs weight-height index:
= [weight (kg) / (height)2 cms ] * 100
normal index is more than 0.15
Kanawati index: (during 3m to 4 years)
= Mid-arm circumference / Head circumference
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Normal
0.331
Mild
0.310 0.280
Modreate
0.279 0.250
Severe
< 0.250
Anthropometry - Amarendra B. Singh
090201263
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Classification
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WEIGHT MEASUREMENT
Use a regularly calibrated
electronic or balanced-beam scale.
Spring scales are less reliable.
Weigh in light clothes, no shoes
Read to the nearest 100 gm (0.1kg)
Waist/Hip Ratio
Waist circumference is measured
at the level of the umbilicus to
the nearest 0.5 cm.
The subject stands erect with
relaxed abdominal muscles, arms
at the side, and feet together.
The measurement should be
taken at the end of a normal
expiration.
Waist circumference
Waist circumference predicts mortality better
than any other anthropometric measurement.
It has been proposed that waist
measurement alone can be used to assess
obesity, and two levels of risk have been
identified
MALES
FEMALE
LEVEL 1
LEVEL2
> 94cm
> 102cm
>
>
80cm
88cm
Waist circumference/2
Level 1 is the maximum acceptable
waist circumference irrespective of
the adult age and there should be
no further weight gain.
Level 2 denotes obesity and
requires weight management to
reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes &
CVS complications.
Hip Circumference
Is measured at the point of greatest
circumference around hips & buttocks to
the nearest 0.5 cm.
The subject should be standing and the
measurer should squat beside him.
Both measurement should taken with a
flexible, non-stretchable tape in close
contact with the skin, but without
indenting the soft tissue.
Interpretation of WHR
High risk WHR= >0.80 for females &
>0.95 for males i.e. waist
measurement >80% of hip
measurement for women and >95%
for men indicates central (upper
body) obesity and is considered high
risk for diabetes & CVS disorders.
A WHR below these cut-off levels is
considered low risk.
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
Brain growth takes place 70% during fetal life, 15% during infancy and
remaining 10% during pre-school years.
Head circumference are routinely recorded until 5 years of age.
If scalp edema or cranial moulding is present , measurement of scalp edema may
be inaccurate until fourth or fifth day of life .
The head circumference is measured by placing the tape over the occipital
protuberance at the back and just over the supraorbital ridge and the glabella in
front.
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Head circumference
(cm)
At birth
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2 months
38
3 months
40
4 months
41
6 months
42 - 43
1 year
45 - 46
2 years
47 - 48
5 years
50 - 51
Anthropometry - Amarendra B. Singh
090201263
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2 cm/month
3 months 1 year
2cm/3 month
1 3 year
1cm/ 6 month
3 5 year
1cm/ year
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PI =
50
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HAIR
Spare & thin
Protein deficiency
Corkscrew
Coiled hair
MOUTH
Glossitis
Angular stomatitis,
cheilosis & fissured
tongue
B 2,6,& niacin
leukoplakia
Night blindness,
exophthalmia
Vitamin A
deficiency
Photophobiablurring,
conjunctival
inflammation
Iron deficiency
mountainous
areas and far
from sea places
Goiter is a
reliable sign of
iodine
deficiency.
detect signs
of vitamin D
deficiency
(Rickets) &
vitamin C
deficiency
(Scurvy)
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ARM SPAN
It is the distance between the tips of middle fingers of both arms outstretched at
right angles to the body, measured across the back of the child.
In under-5 children , arm span is 1 to 2 cm smaller than body length.
During 10-12 years of age , arm span = height.
In adults arm span is more in adults by 2 cm.
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ADVANTAGES OF
ANTHROPOMETRY
Limitations of
Anthropometry
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Thank you
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