PAPER THIN FILM BATTERIES

PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS

Under the Guidance of

BY

Sri S.KUMAR M.Tech

KUMAR

SUBMITTED

A.GOWTHAM

CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
FORMATION OF BATTERY
WORKING
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION
In August 2007, a research team atRensselaer
Polytechnic Institute developed the paper battery.
Its flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and
production device.
Formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a
conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper.
A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery
and super capacitor.
This combination allows the battery to provide both
long-term, steady power production and bursts of
energy.

INTRODUCTION
It can be folded, cut or otherwise shaped for
different applications without any loss of efficiency.
It can be stacked in multiples of power output.
2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a
postage stamp.

FORMATION
Combining cellulose with an infusion of aligned
carbon nanotubes that are each approximately one
millionth of a centimeter thick.
These tiny filaments act like the electrodes found in
a traditional battery, conducting electricity when
the paper comes into contact with an ionic liquid
solution.
With no water in solution, it cannot freeze and
hence operating temperature is upto -75 to 150
Degree Celsius.

CARBON NANOTUBES
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs, also known asbuck
tubes) areallotropes of carbonwith a cylindrical
nanostructure.

Nanotubes are the members of fullerene structural

family, the diameter of the nanotube is on the order
of few nanometers.

CARBON NANOTUBES
These carbon nanotubes exhibit extraordinary
strength and unique electrical properties and are
essential thermal conductors.
Because of the symmetry and unique electronic
structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube
strongly affects its electrical properties.
For a given (n,m) nanotube, ifn=m, the nanotube
is metallic; ifn-mis a multiple of 3, then the
nanotube is semiconducting with a very small
band gap, otherwise the nanotube is a
moderatesemiconductor.

MANUFACTURING
Growing the nanotubes on a silicon substrate and
then filling the gaps in the matrix with cellulose.
Once the matrix has dried, the material can be
peeled off of the substrate, exposing one end of the
carbon nanotubes to act as an electrode.
When two sheets are combined, with the cellulose
sides facing inwards, a super capacitor is formed
that can be activated by the addition of the ionic
liquid.
This liquid acts as an electrolyte and may include
salt-laden solutions like human blood, sweat or
urine.

MANUFACTURING

WORKING
Batteries produce electrons through a chemical
reaction between electrolyte and metal in the
traditional battery.
Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between
electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.
Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the
battery and flow along a connected wire to the
positive terminal.
Electrons must flow from negative to the positive
terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.

WORKING

ADVANTAGES
The sheets can be rolled, twisted, folded, or cut into
numerous shapes with no loss of integrity or
efficiency, or stacked like printer paper to boost
total output.
The components are molecularly attached to each
other: the carbon nanotube print is embedded in
the paper, and the electrolyte is soaked into the
paper.
The medical uses are particularly attractive
because they do not contain any toxic materials
and can be biodegradable.

ADVANTAGES
Conventional battery contains a number of
separate components, the paper battery integrates
all of the battery components in a single structure,
making it more energy efficient.
No warm up time, power loss, component
malfunction.
Loss of energy while transferring power from one
component to another component is less.
Less energy lost in an integrated device.

APPLICATIONS
The paper-like quality of the battery combined with
the structure of the nanotubes embedded within light weight and low cost.
Cosmetic path: paper battery is set in ontophoresis
patch for whitening and for wrinkles.
Medical path: paper battery is set in iontophoresis
patch. It helps to deliver functional drug i.e., local
anaesthesia, antichloristic, anodyne, pace maker,
etc., into the skin.
RFID tag: paper battery is useful to use as a power
source of active RFID tag.