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Filtration at Rest: Retention of Water
Filtration at Rest: Retention of Water
JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS
SITE-I
PROXIMAL TUBULE
SITE-III
CORTICAL DILUTING SEGMENT OF LOOP OF
HENLE
Impermeable to water
Continues to absorb salt through Na+
- Cl- symporter.
Tubular fluid gets further diluted.
DIURETICS
Drugs that promote the output of urine excreted
by kidney.
They are used for treatment of:
1. Cardiac oedema related to Congestive Heart Failure
(CHF).
2. Nephrotic syndrome
3. Diabetes insipidus
4. Nutritional oedema.
5. Liver cirrhosis.
6. Hypertension.
7. Oedema of pregnancy.
8. To reduce intraocular and CSF pressure.
9. Special cases: epilepsy, migraine, glaucoma,
anginal syndrome and bromide intoxication.
THE NITTY-GRITTY
Diffusion
Osmosis-isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic, isosmotic
Oncotic pressure:
Composition of blood:
Route of urine formation:
Coport- UniProt- symport- antiport
Medullary interstitium: Themedullary interstitiumis the tissue
surrounding theloop of Henlein therenal medulla. It functions in
renal water reabsorption by building up a highhypertonicity, which
draws water out of thethin descending limb of the loop of Henle and
thecollecting duct system. This hypertonicity, in turn, is created by
an efflux ofureafrom theinner medullary collecting duct .
Malphigian corpuscle:
Basolateral membrane:
Macula densa: In thekidney, themacula densais an area of closely
packed specializedcellslining the wall of thecortical
thick ascending limb, at the transition to thedistal convoluted tubule.
Interstitial fluid: ECF + plasma+ transcellular fluid. 10L