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1 Introduction To Organizational Behavior
1 Introduction To Organizational Behavior
1 Introduction To Organizational Behavior
Introduction to
Organizational
Behavior
1-1
Chapter Objectives
Define organizational behavior and explain
how and why it determines the
effectiveness of an organization
Appreciate why the study of organizational
behavior improves a persons ability to
understand and respond to events that
take place in a work setting
Differentiate between the three levels at
which organizational behavior is examined
1-2
Chapter Objectives
Appreciate the way changes in an
organizations external environment
continually create challenges for
organizational behavior
Describe the four main kinds of forces in
the environment that post the most
opportunities and problems for
organizations today
1-3
1-4
What is an Organization?
An organization is a collection of people
who work together to achieve individual and
organizational goals
Individual goals
Organizational goals
1-5
1-6
Figure 1.1
What is Organizational Behavior?
1-7
1-8
1-9
What is Management?
Management is the process of planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling an
organizations human, financial, material,
and other resources to increase its
effectiveness
1-10
Organizing
Controlling
1-11
Leading
1-12
Figurehead
Liaison
Disseminator
Entrepreneur
Resource allocator
Leader
Monitor
Spokesperson
Disturbance
handler
Negotiator
Managerial Skills
Conceptual Skills
Technical Skills
Human Skills
1-13
1-14
Challenges for
Organizational Behavior
1-15
1-16
Diversity Challenges
Fairness and Justice
Decision-Making and Performance
Flexibility
1-17
1-18
1-19
Advancing Information
Technology
1-20
Information
Knowledge
Information Technology
Organizational Learning
Intranets
Creativity
Innovation
1-21
Downsizing
Empowerment and Self-Managed Teams
Contingent Workers
Outsourcing
1-22
1-23
Four Principles of
Scientific Management
1. Study the way employees perform their
tasks, gather informal job knowledge that
employees possess, and experiment with
ways of improving the way tasks are
performed
2. Codify the new methods of performing
tasks into written rules and standard
operating procedures
1-24
Four Principles of
Scientific Management_2
3. Carefully select employees so that they
possess skills and abilities that match the
needs of the task, and train them to perform
the task according to the established rules
and procedures
4. Establish an acceptable level of
performance for a task, and then develop a
pay system that provides a reward for
performance above the acceptable level
1-25
1-28
Douglas McGregor:
Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X
Average employee is lazy,
dislikes work, and will try to
do as little as possible
Managers task is to
supervise closely and
control employees through
reward and punishment
1-29
Theory Y
Employees will do what is
good for the organization
when committed
Managers task is create a
work setting that
encourages commitment to
organizational goals and
provides opportunities for
employees to be exercise
initiative