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Transistor - Introduction: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
Transistor - Introduction: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
BIPOLAR JUNCTION
TRANSISTOR
(BJT)
INTRODUCTION
TRANSISTOR
STRUCTURE
BJT is bipolar because both holes (+) and electrons (-) will take
part in the current flow through the device
N-type regions contains free electrons (negative carriers)
P-type regions contains free holes (positive carriers)
Two types of BJT
NPN transistor
PNP transistor
The transistor regions are:
Emitter (E) send the carriers into the base region and then on to the
collector
Base (B) acts as control region. It can allow none,some or many
carriers to flow
Collector (C) collects the carriers
Ic(mA)
IB(A)
IC(mA)
IB(A)
IE(mA)
IE(mA)
TRANSISTOR
CONFIGURATION
COMMON-COLLECTOR
CONFIGURATION
The input signal is applied to the base terminal and the output is
taken from the emitter terminal.
Input Terminals BC
Output Terminals EC
COMMON-BASE CONFIGURATION
Input Terminals EB
Output Terminals CB
COMMON-EMITTER
CONFIGURATION
Input BE
Output CE
In this IC=IB
No current flows.
The C-B junction
is reverse biased.
Current flows.
IC
Current flows
everywhere.
When both junctions
are biased....
Note that IB is smaller
than IE or IC.
IB
IE
IC
N
IB
IE
IC = 99 mA
99
IC mA
1IBmA
= 99
IE = 100 mA
C
P
IC = 99 mA
Kirchhoffs
current law:
IB = 1 mA
C
P
IE = IB + IC
= 1 mA + 99 mA
= 100 mA
IE = 100 mA
IC = 99 mA
In a PNP transistor,
holes flow from
emitter to collector.
IB = 1 mA
Notice the PNP
bias voltages.
C
B
E
IE = 100 mA
Base
C
B E
Emitter
Base
C
B E
Emitter
Fundamental operation of pnp transistor and npn transistor is similar except for:
Current direction
3 operating regions:
Saturation region
Cut-off region
Active region
CURRENT
RELATIONSHIPS