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    Conditional Sentences: If-Clause Main Clause

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    Untung Jidan
    Conditional sentences have two parts: an if-clause and a main clause. There are four types of conditional sentences classified according to their tenses and implications. Type 1 uses present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause to talk about a present or future probable case. Type 2 uses past tense in the if-clause and "would" plus an infinitive in the main clause to talk about a present or future improbable case. Type 3 uses past perfect tense in the if-clause and "would" plus present perfect form in the main clause to talk about a past, impossible case. Variations of conditional sentences include replacing "if" with "should", "could", "might", "were",

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    Conditional Sentences: If-Clause Main Clause

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    Untung Jidan
    27 views16 pages
    Conditional sentences have two parts: an if-clause and a main clause. There are four types of conditional sentences classified according to their tenses and implications. Type 1 uses present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause to talk about a present or future probable case. Type 2 uses past tense in the if-clause and "would" plus an infinitive in the main clause to talk about a present or future improbable case. Type 3 uses past perfect tense in the if-clause and "would" plus present perfect form in the main clause to talk about a past, impossible case. Variations of conditional sentences include replacing "if" with "should", "could", "might", "were",

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    Easy way to understand and command conditional sentences in 3 types

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    Conditional Sentences

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    Conditional sentences have two parts: an if-clause and a main clause. There are four types of conditional sentences classified according to their tenses and implications. Type 1 uses present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause to talk about a present or future probable case. Type 2 uses past tense in the if-clause and "would" plus an infinitive in the main clause to talk about a present or future improbable case. Type 3 uses past perfect tense in the if-clause and "would" plus present perfect form in the main clause to talk about a past, impossible case. Variations of conditional sentences include replacing "if" with "should", "could", "might", "were",

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    27 views16 pages

    Conditional Sentences: If-Clause Main Clause

    Uploaded by

    Untung Jidan
    Conditional sentences have two parts: an if-clause and a main clause. There are four types of conditional sentences classified according to their tenses and implications. Type 1 uses present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause to talk about a present or future probable case. Type 2 uses past tense in the if-clause and "would" plus an infinitive in the main clause to talk about a present or future improbable case. Type 3 uses past perfect tense in the if-clause and "would" plus present perfect form in the main clause to talk about a past, impossible case. Variations of conditional sentences include replacing "if" with "should", "could", "might", "were",

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    of 16

    Conditional Sentences

    Structure :
    A conditional sentence is composed of 2
    parts :

    If-clause +
    Example :

    Main
    Clause

    If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.


    If-clause

    Main Clause

    Conditional Sentences
    Types :
    There are 4 types of conditional
    sentences.
    They are classified according to their
    specific
    implications.
    Each
    type of conditional sentences uses
    different tenses to show the difference
    in
    their implications.

    Conditional Sentences
    Type 0 :
    Use Talk about universal truth.
    :
    Tense
    Present tense in both clauses
    :
    Exampl
    e:
    Present Tense
    Present Tense

    If you heat water to 100C, it boils.


    If you pour oil into water, it floats.

    Conditional Sentences
    Type 1
    Use : Talk about a present or future probable
    case.
    Tense : If-clause ~ Present Tense
    Main Clause ~ Future Tense
    Example :
    Present Tense Future Tense

    If I feel sick, I will not go to school.


    If it rains tomorrow, the match will be
    cancelled.

    Exercise One
    do not come (not come),
    1. If you ___________________
    will miss (miss ) the show.
    You ________________
    will buy
    2. John __________________
    (buy)a car if he
    gets
    _____________
    (get)a job.
    gets
    3. Mary ________________(get)
    a toothache if
    eats
    she_________________
    (eat) too many sweets.

    Conditional Sentences
    Type 2 (Present Subjunctive)
    Use : Talk about a present or future
    improbable case. (A case that is unlikely
    to happen)
    Tense : If-clause
    ~ Past Tense
    Main Clause ~ would + an infinitive
    Example :
    Past Tense Would + infinitive

    If he were a bird, he would fly across the


    harbour.
    If I had $200,000 now, I would buy a car.

    Conditional Sentences
    Type 3 (Past Subjunctive)
    Talk about a past, impossible case
    Use
    :
    Tense : If-clause ~ Past Perfect Tense
    Main Clause ~ Would + Present Perfect
    Example Form
    :
    Past Perfect Tense Would + Present Perfect Form

    If I had had enough money, I would have bought


    the camera yesterday.
    If I had come home earlier, I would not have
    missed the programme.

    Exercise Two
    were
    1. If I ________________
    (be) four years old, I
    would learn (learn) to play the piano.
    ________________
    had not failed(not fail) in the
    2. If I ________________
    would have bought
    examination, my mother_______________
    (buy)
    me a would
    new computer.
    have finished (finish) if we
    3. We ________________________
    had had
    ________________
    (have) better preparation.

    Conditional Sentences
    SHOULD may
    replace IF in type
    Type 1
    1
    :If you see John, ask him to come and see
    me.
    Should
    you see John, ask him to come and
    see me.
    COULD or MIGHT may
    Type 2 :
    replace WOULD
    Variations:

    If I were an aeroplane, I could fly in the sky.


    Were I an aeroplane, I could fly in the sky.
    WERE may replace IF in an inversion

    Conditional Sentences
    Type 3 :
    If I had come home earlier, I would not
    have missed the programme.
    Had I come home earlier, I would not have
    missed the programme.
    HAD may replace IF in
    an inversion

    Conditional Sentences
    But for+ a noun may
    replace `If it were not
    Type 2 & Type 3 :
    for
    If it were not for the rain, we would go to Shatin.
    (Type 2)
    But for the rain, we would go to
    Shatin.
    If it had not been for the traffic jam, we would
    have arrived on time. (Type 3)
    But for the traffic jam, we would have arrived on
    time.
    But for + a noun may
    replace `If it had not been
    for

    The Subjunctive Mood


    Other sentences than the conditional may
    bear the subjunctive mood.
    a. Wish (v)

    Type 2

    Type 3

    I wish I were a
    (But I am
    king.
    not!)
    I wish she had left last
    (But she
    night.
    didnt!)
    * Non-subjunctive use of wish
    I wish to travel to Europe next
    year
    We wish you a happy birthday.

    The Subjunctive Mood


    b. If only

    Type
    2
    If only I were you! Type
    2
    If only he were born in the
    USA!

    (He was not born


    in USA)

    If only she had left last night!


    (She did not leave
    last night)
    Type
    3

    The Subjunctive Mood


    b. Would rather

    Type 2

    I would rather you came


    earlier.
    Type 3

    (But you
    come late.)

    I would rather he had told me the


    secret.
    * Non-subjunctive use of would
    rather
    A
    : Do you want to go fishing today?

    (But
    he
    didnt.
    )

    B : I would rather stay at home and take some


    rest.
    (B
    prefers staying at home to going fishing)

    The Subjunctive Mood


    d. Lest
    (Conjunction)
    He put the money in the safe lest
    someone should / might steal it.
    Past
    e. It is (high)
    Tense
    time
    It is (high) time you studied
    hard.
    (You
    have not studied hard. Now the
    examination is near, so you have to study
    very hard.)
    (non It is time for you to
    subjunctive)
    leave

    END

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