The Secretes of GSM Algorithms

Channel Allocation
Suitable for staff with P&O skill certificate IV or lower
Issued by GSM Network P&O Dept.

Internal Use Only

Version Introduction
Versio
n
V1.0

Date
2009-0327

Writer

Assesso Translator
r

Ma

Zheng Hao
Junhu
a

Wang Hangyan

Amendment
Records
This Resource
Management Technique
applies only to ZTE
V3 system

Internal Use Only

Contents
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

VI.

ZTE Radio Resource Management

Techniques
Principles of Radio Channel Alloca
tion
Dynamic HR Function
Dynamic SDCCH Function
Channel Allocation for Users in Dif
ferent Priorities
eMLPP
Channel Allocation of Different S
peech Codes

Internal Use Only

I. ZTE Radio Resource Management Techniques

1. The advantages of ZTE radio resource management te
chniques
2. Channels involved in the dynamic channel conversion
function
3. How to realize dynamic channel conversion

Internal Use Only

1. The advantages of ZTE radio resource management

techniques
Features

Features
iBSCintroduces
introducesfull
fulldynamic
dynamicradio
radiotechniques,
techniques,atatthe
thepremise
premise
iBSC
ofretaining
retainingstatic
staticallocation
allocationof
ofradio
radiochannel
channeltype.
type.All
Allchannels
channels
of
(exceptPBCCH,
PBCCH,BCCH,
BCCH,CCCH,
CCCH,PCCCH
PCCCHand
andSDCCH),
SDCCH),such
suchas
as
(except
TCH/F
TCH/H
TCH/H
PDTCH/F,
PDTCH/F,etc
etc could
couldbe
beinter-converted
inter-converted
TCH/F
dynamically,ininaccordance
accordancewith
withpractical
practicalservice
serviceneeds.
needs.
dynamically,
Advantages

Advantages
Theflexibility
flexibilityininusing
usingchannels
channelsisisincreased
increasedgreatly,
greatly,and
andradio
radio
The
resourceisisused
usedtotothe
themaximum.
maximum.
resource

Internal Use Only

2. Channels involved in the dynamic channel

conversion function
Default types of
Dynamic TCH/F

Dynamic PDTCH

Dynamic TCH/H

Dynamic SDCCH

The default type of dynamic channel is TCH/F, which can realize dynamic
inter-conversion with other channel types. The dynamic inter-conversion
among other types needs to use TCH/F as a transition.

Internal Use Only

3.How to realize dynamic channel conversion

Thedefault
defaulttype
typeof
ofdynamically
dynamicallyallocated
allocatedradio
radiochannel
channelisis
The
TCH/F.
TCH/F.
Theimplementation
implementationprocess
processof
offull
fulldynamic
dynamicradio
radio
The
dependsmainly
mainlyon
onchannel
channelactivation
activationand
anddeactivation
deactivation
depends
informationbetween
betweeniBSC
iBSCand
andBTS.
BTS.
information
In the CS or PS signaling flow
before every service, iBSC will fill
the channel type expected by this
service in channel activation
information, and after receiving it,
BTS will activate the channel type
as filled.

On the contrary, after the service is

ended, iBSC will fill type TCH/F
in channel deactivation
information when releasing
channels, then, BTS will deactivate
this channel as TCH/F.

Internal Use Only

II. Principles of Radio Channel Allocation

1.

What are the priorities in radio channel allocation

2. What is the general idea of TCH allocation algorithm

3. What is the idea of PDTCH allocation algorithm

Internal Use Only

1. What are the priorities in radio channel allocation

High

Low

2. What is the general idea of TCH allocation

algorithm ? 1

Internal Use Only

General idea

Allocatefixed
fixedchannel
channelbefore
beforedynamic
dynamicchannel
channel
Allocate
Allocate and use fixedly-allocated CS
radio channel first until fixed
allocation is used up, and then try
allocating and assigning in dynamic
channels.

T1
T2
T3

SF static TCHF DF: dynamic TCHF

Allocatehigh
highpriority
prioritychannels
channelsbefore
beforelow
lowpriority
prioritychannels
channels
Allocate

Various Circumstances
TRX with the highest priority and with no PS channel existed

Channel Allocation Priority

high

TRX with the highest priority and with PS channel existed

TRX with the same TrxPrio value and relatively idle existing PS service
Try allocation in TRX with lower TRX priority
channel interference band is the best

low

next

Internal Use Only

2. What is the general idea of TCH allocation

algorithm 2
General idea

Timeslotsuseable
useableto
toPS
PSshould
shouldbe
bedistributed
distributedas
ascontinuous
continuous
Timeslots
aspossible.
possible.
as
When allocating and assigning CS channel within the scope of dynamic channel, the
CS timeslots should be allocated in such a way that timeslots useable to PS in TRX are
distributed as continuous as possible, and if there are many CS timeslots can meet this
condition, the one near timeslot TS0 or TS7 should be picked in priority.

After occupying 4
timeslots started from
timeslot 0 or 7, there are
still 4 continuous timeslots
available to PS,
guaranteeing the highest
download speed.

If 4 timeslots are occupied

from the middle, there are
only 2 groups of 2
continuous timeslots, which
will inevitably affect PS
download speed.

next

Internal Use Only

2. What is the general idea of TCH allocation

algorithm 3
General idea

CSis
isprior
priorto
toPS.
PS.
CS
When there is no idle timeslot in a cell, forced conversion between PS and CS channel
will be implemented to newly initiated voice call, and it needs to decide which PS
channel will be converted to CS channel. The strategy is : choose the channel with fewer
users; choose the channel with lower bandwidth if users are the same in number; do not
choose the channel amid PS channel of several continuous timeslots.

T1
There is CS service
request in T2 all the
time

PS channel is
converted to CS
channel forcefully.

Internal Use Only

3. What is the idea of PDTCH allocation algorithm?

General idea
Ininitial
initialaccess,
access,the
thesame
samechannel
channelshould
shouldbe
bereused
reused
In
asmuch
muchas
aspossible
possibleby
byseveral
severalmobile
mobilephones.
phones.
as
To follow a step-by-step principle in PDTCH channel allocation, only one
channel is allocated to initial access, and the same channel should be
reused as much as possible by several mobile phones.
If the sum of uplink and downlink LLC frame transmitted in this TBF
exceeds a certain threshold, the user plane will initiate resource
reassignment request, at this time, the decision about whether uplink or
downlink first should be made according to the size of the uplink and
downlink frame, and uplink should be adopted first if they are the same.

Internal Use Only

III. Dynamic HR Function

1. The uses of dynamic HR function
2. Algorithms used in dynamic HR function
3. Parameters involved in dynamic HR function
4. The process of dynamic HR conversion of TCH channe
l

Internal Use Only

1.The Uses of Dynamic HR Function

Whenaacell
cellsupports
supportsHR-FR
HR-FRconversion,
conversion,channel
channeltypes
typescan
canbe
be
When
adjustedamong
amongHR-FR
HR-FRchannels
channelsdynamically
dynamicallyaccording
accordingto
tothe
therealrealadjusted
timeCell
CellTCH
TCHLoad.
Load.
time
Adjustment Strategy of Dynamic HR-FR Conversion
During traffic peak period, when the real-time
TCH load is exceeded, the system will
convert automatically some or all FR
channels to HR channels to increase network
capacity.

When the traffic is not too busy, and

is lower than real-time TCH load, the
system will convert automatically
some or all HR channels to FR
channels to guarantee voice quality.

TCH Load Threshold

Internal Use Only

2. Algorithms be used in dynamic HR function

Algorithmof
ofTCH
TCHload
load
Algorithm
B

SBusyTS
STS SBlockTs

100%

in which,

SBusyTS

represents the total number of timeslots in occupied state in a cell.

Any service in timeslots indicates occupied state;

STS

represents the total number of timeslots in the cell;

SBlockTS represents the total number of timeslots in blocked state in the cell.

Internal Use Only

3. Parameters involved in dynamic HR function

DynamicHR
HRparameters
parametersconsist
consistof
ofBSC
BSClevel
leveland
andCell
Celllevel.
level.
Dynamic
WhenCell
CellDynamic
DynamicHR
HRParameter
Parameteris
isset
setas
asYes,
Yes,the
theHR
HR
When
ApplicationThreshold
Thresholdparameter
parameterat
atcell
celllevel
levelwill
willbe
beenabled.
enabled.
Application
Level

BSC

Cell

Parameter Name

English Abbreviation

Value Range & Unit

Default Value

Dynamic HR Enable

DynaHREnable

Yes/No

No

HR Application Threshold

HRThs

1 100,%

50

Use Cell Dynamic HR

Parameter

UseCellDynHRPara

Yes/No

No

Dynamic HR Enable

DynaHREnable

Yes/No

No

HR Application Threshold

HRThs

0 100,%

60

If Dynamic HR Enable at BSC level is set as NO, the whole BSC

does not support dynamic HR; if Use Cell Dynamic HR Parameter at
Cell level is not enabled, HR threshold at BSC level will be taken as
default.

Internal Use Only

4. The process of dynamic HR conversion of TCH

channel
1. The idle state of dynamically allocated
radio channel is TCH/F
2. Cell TCH load reaches 50%.
3. Newly accessed MS is allocated to HR
channel.
4. Dynamic channel is set as TCH/F after
service is completed.
5. Cell TCH load increases, and HR
proportion increases.
6. Cell TCH load is lower than 50%.
7. Newly accessed MS is allocated to FR
channel.

Internal Use Only

IV. Dynamic SDCCH Function

1. What is Dynamic SDCCH function
2. How to realize dynamic conversion from TCH channel
to SD channel

3. Which idle TCH channels will the system choose for c

onversion

4. In what situation will SDCCH channel convert back t

o TCH channel

5. Which parameters will be involved in dynamic SDCCH

function

Internal Use Only

1. What is dynamic SDCCH function

SDCCHDynamic
DynamicAllocation
AllocationFunction
Function

SDCCH
meansthat
thatwhen
whenSDCCH
SDCCHchannel
channelin
inaacell
cellis
isnot
not
ItItmeans
enough,database
databasewill
willconvert
convertTCH
TCHto
toSDCCH
SDCCHdynamically
dynamically..
enough,
SDCCH dynamic allocation
function includes:
TCH->SDCCH conversion
and
SDCCH->TCH conversion

TCH/F

SDCCH

Internal Use Only

2. How to realize dynamic conversion from TCH

channel to SD channel
Conditions for TCH->SDCCH conversion

shouldbe
beallowed
allowedby
byconfiguration
configurationsettings
settings
ItItshould
Dynamic SDCCH configuration, in both Cell and BSC module, is allowed;

Theminimum
minimumvalue
valueof
ofSDCCH
SDCCHshould
shouldbe
bereached.
reached.
The
The number of idle SDCCH in the cell is less than the minimum value of
SDCCH set in OMCR

Thetotal
totalnumber
numberof
ofidle
idleTCH/F
TCH/Fin
inthe
thecell
cellshould
shouldmeet
meet
The
certainrequirements
requirements
certain
The total number of idle TCH/Fin a cell minus that of reserved TCH/F
should be more than the minimum number of idle TCH set in OMCR
or the total number of TRX in the cell.

Thetotal
totalnumber
numberof
ofidle
idleTCH
TCHin
inaasub-cell
sub-cellshould
shouldbe
be
The
morethan
thanthe
theminimum
minimumnumber
numberof
ofidle
idleTCH.
TCH.
more
The total number of idle TCH/F in the first sub-cell should be more than
the minimum number of idle TCH in the cell set in OMCR.

Internal Use Only

3. Which idle TCH channels will the system choose

for conversion
Strategies to choose idle TCH

Requirementsfor
forfrequency
frequencyband
bandshould
shouldbe
bemet.
met.
Requirements
Choose the TCH that has the same frequency with BCCH TRX. If BCCH
TRX is in P-GSM, extended frequency of E-GSM and R-GSM and TCH of
1800M should not be chosen.

StaticTCH/F
TCH/Ffirst.
first.
Static
Choose static TCH/F before dynamic TCH/F.

TCHchannel
channelwith
withlarger
largerinterference
interferencefirst.
first.
TCH
Choose the TCH with the largest interference.

Sub-cellfirst.
first.
Sub-cell
Choose the TCH in the first sub-cell.

Internal Use Only

4. In what situation will SDCCH channel convert

back to TCH channel?
Algorithmof
ofSDCCH->TCH
SDCCH->TCHConversion
Conversion
Algorithm
The initial value of
S equals
parameter
TimeToTch

S=MAX(S+12,
TimeToTch)

Less than

The
number of
idle
SDCCH?
8+
MinSdcch

Whether
S is less
than 0

more than
S=S 3

No

Yes
Trigger a
conversion from
SDCCH to TCH
The initial value of S is TimeToTch and could be set in iOMCR,

Internal Use Only

5. Which parameters will be involved in dynamic

SDCCH function?
Level

BSC

Cell

Parameter Name

English
Abbreviation

Value Range
& Unit

Default Value

Can SDCCH Dynamic Allocation

CanSdcchDyn

No/Yes

No

Scan SDCCH Cycle

ScanSdcch

10-1000
100ms

100

Time Delay by Forced Release of TS

TsRel

5-200
100ms

10

Maximum Time Delay

MaxDelay

12002400 100ms

1800

Thresholds of TCH->SDCCH

MinSdcch

2-6,

Time Delay of SDCCH->TCH

TimeToTch

0-24

Can SDCCH Dynamic Allocation

CansdcchDyn

No/Yes

Yes

Internal Use Only

V. Channel Allocation for Users in Different

Prioritiers (eMLPP)
1. eMLPP function and its use

2. What network elements will be involved to enable

eMLPP function
3. How to define priorities of ZTE eMLPP
4. How is the priority information transmitted to BSS
5. How to implement the function of eMLPP
6. What parameters does eMLPP function include

Internal Use Only

1. eMLPP function and its use

eMLPPfunction
functionininZXG10
ZXG10iBSC
iBSCprovides
providespriority
priorityfor
forhigh
highpriority
priority
eMLPP
users,satisfying
satisfyingthe
theservices
servicesstipulated
stipulatedinineMLPP
eMLPP
enhanced
enhancedMultiMultiusers,
LevelPrecedence
Precedenceand
andPre-emption
Pre-emptionservice
service
totorealize
realizedifferentiated
differentiated
Level
networkservices.
services.
network
Its functions include mainly

Queuing, forced handover, and forced release according to user priorities.

Allocate reserved channel for high priority users.

Differentiate user priorities and make strategies to allocate channel.

Internal Use Only

2. What network elements will be involved to enable

eMLPP function?
Therealization
realizationof
ofeMLPP
eMLPPfunction
functionneeds
needsthe
theinterworking
interworking
The
ofHLR,
HLR,MSC
MSCand
andBSS.
BSS.
of
Resource
assignment
request

assign channel

Subscription
information

Priority

MS

BS
S

eMLPP

MSC

HLR

Internal Use Only

3. How to define priorities of ZTE eMLPP?

Thesubscription
subscriptioninformation
informationcorresponding
correspondingtotoan
anMS
MSisisstored
storedininHLR,
HLR,
The
whichcontains
containsthe
thehighest
highestpriority
priorityproperty
propertyof
ofthe
theMS
MSififititsupports
supports
which
eMLPPfunction.
function.
eMLPP

eMLPPpriority
priorityconsists
consistsofof77grades,
grades,ininwhich
whichpriority
priorityAAand
andBBworks
worksonly
onlyininone
one
eMLPP
MSC,the
theactual
actualeffective
effectiveones
onesrange
rangefrom
from00toto4,4,as
asdetailed
detailedininSheet
Sheet1.1.
MSC,
Sheet 1 User-subscribed eMLPP priorities stored in HLR

Priority

Description

the highest priority, internal use only

internal use only

user priority

user priority

user priority

user priority

user priority

Internal Use Only

4. How is the Priority information transmitted to

BSS?
eMLPPproperty
propertyin
inHLR
HLRisisreflected
reflectedin
inMSC
MSCas
asradio
radio
eMLPP
resourcepriority
priorityBSS
BSScan
canidentify,
identify,which
whichisissent
sentto
toBSS
BSS
resource
throughASSIGNMENT
ASSIGNMENTREQUEST
REQUESTinformation.
information.
through
Table 2 Priority Parameters in ASSIGNMENT REQUEST Message
Bit

Annotation

Reserved

PCI

Remarks:

PCI: 1 means to preempt channel"; 0 means "not to preempt channel"

Priority Level

QA

PVI

Priority Level: 0 refers to "reserved channel," levels 1-14 are priority levels. 1 is the
highest level, 15 is the reserved channel.
QA:1 indicates to queue for resource application;" 0 indicates "not to queue for
resource application"
PVI: 1 means the resource can be preempted; 0 means the resource cannot be
preempted.

Internal Use Only

5. How to implement the function of eMLPP 1

Implementation Methods of eMLPP

Providereserved
reservedchannels
channelsfor
forhigh
highpriority
priorityusers
usersto
touse
usein
in
Provide
assignmentand
andhandover.
handover.
assignment
The number of reserved channels can be allocated according to needs. The
lowest user priority in which reserved channels could be occupied can also
be set. Corresponding performance measurement item needs to be set to
monitor the use status of reserved channels.
According to parameter configuration, high priority users may occupy
reserved channels first, if failed, they may occupy non-reserved channels; or
vice verse. Occupy first non-reserved channel works better to ensure
channel allocation to high priority users, but in this case, reserved channels
will be idle more often, and resources will be used in lower efficiency.

Emphasis: reserved channels cannot be converted to PS channel or SDCCH and TCH/H

channel, and can only be occupied by high priority users who reached the priority as stipulated.

next

Internal Use Only

5. How to implement the function of eMLPP 2

2

Forcefullyswitch
switchlow
lowpriority
priorityusers
usersto
tothe
theadjacent
adjacentcell
cellto
to
Forcefully
releasechannels
channelsfor
for high
highpriority
priorityusers.
users.
release
When no channel can be allocated to high priority users, switch low priority
users to neighbor cells to obtain channels (Forced Handover).
Forced handover will exert little influence to low priority users, but it may occur
that no neighbor cell available for their handover, or no usable channel offered
in neighbor cell, resulting in handover implementation failure, etc. Thus,
channel occupation of high priority users could not be guaranteed.

next

Internal Use Only

5. How to implement the function of eMLPP 3

3

Forcedrelease
releaseof
oflow
lowpriority
priorityusers
usersto
torelease
releasechannels
channelsfor
for
Forced
highpriority
priorityusers.
users.
high
Forced release may basically guarantee channels to high priority users, but it
may leads to call drop of low priority users, thus, should be used carefully.
The forced handover and forced release mentioned above are called
preemption, and the principle is: high priority users with PCI may preempt
the channels of low priority users with PVI.

Internal Use Only

6. What parameters does eMLPP function include

Level

BSC

Parameter Name

English Abbreviation

Value Range & Unit

Default value

User Priority

PriThreshold

1 ~ 15

Low User Priority

LowPrioLelevl

1 ~ 15

Reserved Channel First

RsvChanFirst

Yes/No

Yes

Percentage of eMLPP Reserved Channel

EMLppThs %

0 ~ 100

Percentage of eMLPP Reserved Channel

EmlppThs

0 ~ 100

Use Cell eMLPP Reservation

UseCellEmlppThs

Yes/No

Yes

No change
Channel Selection Method for Low Priority Users

ChanSelectPrio_0

FR first/ HR first

No change

Only FR/HR allowed

No change
Channel Selection Method for high Priority Users

ChanSelectPrio_1

FR first/ HR first

No change

Only FR/HR allowed

Cell

Yes/No

No

Queuing Allowed in Assignment

QueueInd_0

Queuing Allowed in Handover

QueueInd_1

Yes/No

No

Preemption Allowed in Assignment

PreemptionInd_0

Yes/No

No

Preemption Allowed in Handover

PreemptionInd_1

Yes/No

No

Preemption Allowed in Assignment

ForcedHoInd_0

Yes/No

No

Preemption Allowed in Handover

ForcedHoInd_1

Yes/No

No

Internal Use Only

VI.

Channel Allocation Principles of

Different Speech Codes
1. Which speech versions does ZTE support
2. Which parameters can be used to adjust the allocation
of speech versions

Internal Use Only

1. Which speech versions does ZTE support

SpeechVersions
VersionsSupported
Supportedin
inZTE
ZTE
Speech
1. GSM full rate speech version 1 FR
2. GSM full rate speech version 2 EFR
3. GSM full rate speech version 3 AMR FR
4. GSM half rate speech version 1 HR
5. GSM half rate speech version 3 AMR HR

Internal Use Only

2. Which parameters can be used to adjust the

allocation of speech versions
Preferred HR Speech Version PreferSpeechVer
Range

No preferred version is appointed in HR version 1 and HR version 3.

Unit

No

Default

No preferred version is appointed.

Parameter
Description

Describe preferred HR speech version, when implementing CS

channel allocation strategies.

Preferred FR Speech Version PreferSpeechVer

Range

No preferred version is appointed in FR version1, FR version 2,

and FR version 3.

Unit

No

Default

No preferred version is appointed.

Parameter Description

Describe preferred FR speech version, when implementing CS

channel allocation strategies.