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Simultaneous Linear Equation
Simultaneous Linear Equation
Engineering
Subject: Chemical
Engineering
Mathematics 2
Author:
Andrew KUMORO
Dept. of Chemical
Engineering
Diponegoro University
2013
CHAPTER 2
LINEAR
EQUATIONS
and
SIMULTANEOUS
LINEAR
EQUATIONS
SUB CHAPTER
Linear equations
Simultaneous linear
three unknowns
equations
with
LINEAR EQUATIONS
Solution of simple equations
A linear equation in a single variable
(unknown) involves powers of the variable no
higher than the first. A linear equation is also
referred to as a simple equation.
The solution of simple equations consists
essentially of simplifying the expressions on
each side of the equation to obtain an
ax b cx d giving ax cx d b and hence
equation of the form:
x
d b
a c
Solution
by
coefficients/Elimination
equating
-1
(-1,6)
(2,5)
(0,3)
(0,1)
X
Y
X= 1
Y=3
3x 4 y 24 from (a): 5x 2 y 14 2 y 14 5x y 7
in (b)
5x
3x 4 7 24 x 4
2
in (a)
5(4) 2 y 14 y 3
5x
2
3x 2 y 16
4 x 3 y 10
2( x 2 y) 3(3x y) 38
4(3x 2 y) 3( x 5 y) 8
11
x
38
Simplification yields:
9 x 7 y 8
M M
a N 1T1 a N 2T2 L a NN TN C N
[A][T]=[C]
a11 a12 L a1N
T1 C1
a
T
C
a
L
a
21
22
2 N
2
2
where A=
,T
,C
M M M M
M M
a N 1 a N 2 L a NN
TN C N
Numerical Solutions
Matrix form: [A][T]=[C].
From linear algebra: [A]-1[A][T]=[A]1
[C],
[T]=[A]-1[C]
where [A]-1 is the inverse of matrix [A].
[T] is the solution vector.
Matrix inversion requires cumbersome
numerical computations and is not
efficient if the order of the matrix is
high (>10)
Numerical Solutions
Gauss elimination method and other
matrix solvers are usually available in
many numerical solution package. For
example, Numerical Recipes by
Cambridge University Press or their web
source at www.nr.com.
For high order matrix, iterative methods
are usually more efficient. The famous
JACOBI ITERATION & GAUSS-SEIDEL
ITERATION methods will be introduced
in the following.
a T
j 1
ij
aiiTi
aT
j i 1
ij
Ci ,
(k-
EXAMPLE
Solve the following system of equations using (a) the Jacobi
methos, (b) the Gauss Seidel iteration method.
Reorganize into new form:
4 X 2Y Z 11,
11 1
1
X 2Y 0 * Z 3,
X = - Y- Z
4 2
4
2 X Y 4 Z 16
3 1
Y
=
+ X+0*Z
4
2
1
X
11
2 2
1 2 0 Y 3
1
1
Z
=
4
X
Y
2 1 4 Z 16
2
4
(a) Jacobi method: use initial guess X0=Y0=Z0=1,
stop when max Xk-Xk-1,Yk-Yk-1,Zk-Zk-1 0.1
First iteration:
X1 = (11/4) - (1/2)Y0 - (1/4)Z0 = 2
Y1 = (3/2) + (1/2)X0 = 2
Z1 = 4 - (1/2) X0 - (1/4)Y0 = 13/4
13
[1,1,1], 2,2,
4
15 5 5
7 63 93
133 31
393
, 16 , 2 , 2 , 8 , 32 , 32 , 128 , 16
, 128
. Stop the iteration when
max X 5 X 4 , Y 5 Y 4 , Z 5 Z 4 0.1
GROUP TASK
1
It takes three different ingredients A, B, and
C, to produce a certain chemical substance.
A, B, and C have to be dissolved in water
separately before they interact to form the
chemical.
Suppose
that
the
solution
containing A at 1.5 g/cm3 combined with the
solution containing B at 3.6 g/cm3 combined
with the solution containing C at 5.3 g/cm 3
makes 25.07 g of the chemical. If the
proportion for A, B, C in these solutions are
changed to 2.5, 4.3, and 2.4 g/cm3 ,
respectively (while the volumes remain the
same), then 22.36 g of the chemical is
produced. Finally, if the proportions are 2.7,
5.5, and 3.2 g/cm3, respectively, then 28.14 g
of the chemical is produced. What are the
GROUP TASK
3
Your
company has three acid solutions on
hand: 30%, 40%, and 80% acid. It can mix all
three to come up with a 100 - gallons of a 39%
acid solution. If it interchanges the a mount of
30% solution with the amount of the 80%
solution in the first mix, it can create a 100 gallon solution that is 59% acid. How much of
the 30%, 40%, and 80% solutions did the
company mix to create a 100- gallons of a
39% acid solution?
GROUP TASK
4
A bakery displays the number of ounces of
yogurt, wheat, and butter used in the
production of one patch of its products. It uses
0.625 kg of yogurt, 0.625 kg of wheat and
0.625 kg of butter in a patch of rolls; 0.9375 kg
of wheat and 0.9375 kg of butter in a patch of
cookies; and 1.25 kg
of yogurt and 1.25 kg of butter in a patch of
bread. The bakery is supplied with 400 kg of
yogurt, 350 kg of wheat, and 500 kg of butter,
which must be used up completely.
a . Put the above information in a table format.
b. What is the maximum number of patches of
all products that can be made to completely
use up all the supplies?
GROUP TASK
5
Last year you purchased shares in three
Internet companies: OHaganBooks.com,
FarmersBooks.com, and JungleBooks.com. The
OHaganBooks.com cost you $50 per
share, Far mersBooks.com stocks cost you $45
per share, and JungleBooks.com cost you $30
per share. You spent a total of $24,400, and
purchased twice as many FarmersBooks.com
shares
as
JungleBooks.com.
The
OHaganBooks.com stocks
appreciated by
20%, while the other two appreciated by 10%,
and you sold all the stocks for $3,440 more
than you originally paid. How many stocks of
each company did you originally purchase?
THE END