Prof. Ir. Eko Budi Djatmiko, MSc., PhD.

Nur Syahroni, ST., MT.

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Teknik Kelautan FTKITS

Fracture Mechanics An
Introduction

 Why structures fail

Design Approaches
Stress Analysis for Member
with Crack
Stress Concentration Factor
Three Modes Deformation of
Crack
Stress Intensity Factor

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Outline

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Why structures fail

3
Brittle fracture of the World War II Liberty ships

Why structures fail

Poor workmanship
Inappropriate or substandard materials
Error in stress analysis
Operator error

Application of a new design or material, which produces

an unexpected (an undesirable) result
Example: Brittle fracture of World War II Liberty ships
Broken completely in two while sailing between SiberiaAlaska in 1943
Totally 2700 ships, 400 fractures, 90 serious failure, 20
ships broken completely in two
The first ship applied all-welded hull which were much
faster and cheaper in fabrication

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Negligible during design, construction or operation of

structures:

Design Approaches
The fracture
mechanics
approach

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

The strength of
material approach

Stress Analysis for Member with

Cracks

For very sharp

cracks

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Stress
concentration factor
(Kt)

Stress Intensity Factor (KI)

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

By using a method developed by Westergaard , Irwin

found that the stress and displacement fields in the
vicinity of crack tips subjected to the three modes of
deformation are given by:

Stress Intensity Factor (KII)

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

By using a method developed by Westergaard , Irwin

found that the stress and displacement fields in the
vicinity of crack tips subjected to the three modes of
deformation are given by:

Stress Intensity Factor

(KIII)

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

By using a method developed by Westergaard , Irwin

found that the stress and displacement fields in the
vicinity of crack tips subjected to the three modes of
deformation are given by:

Stress Intensity Factor

Equations
The

The unstable fracture will be occurred

when:

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

general form of the stress-intensity

factor () is given by:

10

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

SIF for Through-Thickness

Crack

11

SIF for Single Edge Crack

Infinite width

Free surface
correction factor

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Finite width

12

SIF for Embedded Elliptical or

Circular Crack in Infinite Plate

Q= flaw shape parameter

For circular crack

a=c, Q~2.4

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

If =/2, KI max for embedded elliptical crack:

13

SIF for Surface Crack

for values of a/t0.5

Q= flaw shape parameter

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Mk: back surface correction factor

14

for very short crack, a/r0, f(a/r) ~ 3 (=kt)

for large a/r become through thickness crack

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

SIF for Crack Growing from

Hole

15

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

SIF for Crack in Bending Beam

16

 Barsom, JM. & Rolfe, ST., Fracture & Fatigue

Control in Structures, Applications of Fracture
Mechanics, Pretince-Hall, New Jersey, 1987.
Anderson T.L., Fracture Mechanics, Fundamental
and Application, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

References

17

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Example problems

18

Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO091334)

Example problems

19