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Ch3 Basic RL and RC Circuits: Engineering Circuit Analysis
Ch3 Basic RL and RC Circuits: Engineering Circuit Analysis
Ch3 Basic RL and RC Circuits: Engineering Circuit Analysis
References:
References Hayt-Ch5, 6; Gao-Ch5;
Key Words:
Words
Transient Response of RC Circuits, Time constant
dq
dv
c
dt
dt
vc (t +) =v C (t )
1 2
cv
2
vs(t)
+
-
vr(t)
+
vc(t)
C
-
ic
Switch is thrown to 1
E vc
R
dvc
R vc E
dt
vC Ae
t
RC
vC E (1 e
t
RC
) E (1 e
dvc E
e
ic C
dt R
A E
RC
Called time constant
10V
E
vC E (1 e
dvc
dt
t 0
dvc E t /
e
dt
E
E
dvc
t 0
dt
R=2k
5V
C=0.1F
SEL>>
0V
0s RC
V(2)
1ms
2ms
3ms
4ms
Switch to 2
R
dvc
dt
dv
vc RC c 0
dt
ic C
vc Ae
t
RC
vc Ee t / RC Ee t /
ic
E t /
e
R
10V
vC (t ) Ee
dvC
dt
t 0
t
RC
Ee
E
dvC
dt
t 0
R=2k
5V
C=0.1F
SEL>>
0V
0s
1.0ms
2.0ms
3.0ms
4.0ms
V(2)
Time
Key Words:
Words
Transient Response of RL Circuits, Time constant
i(t)
+
L
v(t)
d
di (t )
v(t )
L
dt
dt
di
P iv Li
dt
1
i (t ) v( x)dx
L
i L (t ) i L (t )
1
2
vL L
Switch to 1
R
EL
di
dt
di
iR
dt
Initial condition t 0, i (0 ) i (0 ) 0
R
t
E
E
L
i (1 e ) (1 e t / )
R
R
vR iR E (1 e t / )
R
t
di
d E
vL L L 1 e L
dt
dt R
L/ R
Called time constant
E R RL t
t /
L e Ee
R L
. i (t)
t 0
di
L iR 0
dt
di
R
dt
i
L
i Ae
R
t
L
i (t )
R
ln
t
I0
L
Initial condition
t : 0 t
i : I 0 i t
t
1
R
I0 idi 0 L dt
R
i t
ln i I0 t t0
L
i t
i (t ) I 0
t 0, I 0
E
R
E RL t E t /
i e e
R
R
R
t
e L
Input energy to L
4.0mA
2.0mA
0A
0s
1ms
2ms
3ms
4ms
I(L1)
2.0mA
SEL>>
0A
0s
1ms
2ms
3ms
4ms
RC
Circuits
Steady Value
(t )
time
constant
Source
(0 state)
i0 0
Sourcefree
(0 input)
i0
Source
(0 state)
v0 0
vE
RC
Sourcefree
(0 input)
v0 E
v0
RC
E
R
E
R
L/R
i0
L/R
iL
For an RC circuit, = RC
For an RL circuit, = L/R
-1/ is the initial slope of an exponential with an initial value of 1
Also, is the amount of time necessary for an exponential to decay
to 36.7% of its initial value
iC
vC 0 vC 0
iL
t=0
R1 / / R3
2
2
vC 0 8V
4V
2 2
i(0+)
iC(0+)
iL(0+)
iL 0 iL 0
i 0
+
_
vC(0+)=4V
vL(0+)
-
1A
8V
2A
2 2
iL 0 2A
4
1A
4 4
f (t ) f () Ae
f (t ) f () [ f (0 ) f ()]e
Initial
Steady
For an RC circuit, = RC
6k
R1
t=0
+
vc t vc vc 0 vc e
vc 0 0, vc 9V
i1
i3
R2 3k
9V
i2
C=1000PF
pf
3K
3V
6K 3K
1
1
RTh
2K
6K 3K
RTh C 2K 1000pF 2 10 6 s
vc t 3 3e
t
2106
+ vC
t=0
vc 0 0
R1=10k
10K
vc 6V
4.615V
10K 3K
6V
R2 3k
R1=20k
1
1
30
RTh
K
13
10K 3K
30
RThC K 1000pF 2.31 106 s
13
vc t 4.615 4.615e
t
2.31106