BODY

COORDINATION
PREPARED BY :
MOHD. FAHIM MOHD FARID
4UKM

BODY
COORDINATION

CHEMICAL
COORDINATION

REFLEX
ACTION

DRUGS

KINAESTHETIC
SENSE

ALCOHOL

HUMAN BRAIN

BODY COORDINATION
Coordination is the adjustment of
our bodys responses towards any
stimuli that involve several parts of
body.
Coordination involves the
adjustment of organs, limbs and
body system
There are two types of body
coordination i.e nervous
coordination and hormonal
coordination

Autonomic
nervous system
Contains nerves
that connect the
spinal cord to
internal organs
and glands

Somatic nervous
system
Consists of
cranial nerves
and spinal nerves
that control
voluntary actions

Central nervous
system
The centre of
coordination in
humans

Nervous
Coordinati
on

Peripheral
nervous system
Consist of the
autonomic
nervous system
and the somatic
nervous system

Classification of the human nervous

system
Human
nervous
system

Central nervous
system
Spin
brain
al
cord

Peripheral
nervous
system
Somatic
Autonomic
nervous
nervous
system
system (not
(controlled)
controlled)

Cranial
nerves

Spinal
nerves

Neurone
The neurone is the basic unit of the
nervous system. Its function is to
carry nerve impulses
A receptor is a cell in the sensory
organ that identifies stimuli due to
changes in the surroundings
An effector is an organ that
responds towards the received
stimuli

Types of neurone and its function

Types of neurone
Sensory
neurone

Relay
neurone

Motor
neurone

Carries impulses
from the receptors
to the central
nervous system

Connects sensory
neurones and
motor neurones

Carries impulses to
muscles and
glands (effectors)
in the body

Neurone
Cell
body
nucleu
s

axo
n

Node
of
ranvier

cytoplas
m

dendro
n

dendrit
e

myelin
sheath

Nerve
ending

REFLEX ACTION
Reflex action is the automatic
quick body response towards
external stimuli that occurs without
brain control
Reflex action is controlled by the
spinal cord and this action protects
us from danger or injury
Receptors are sensory cells in the
skin whereas effectors are limb
muscles.

Reflex arc

Kinaesthetic
A proprioceptor can act as sensory
organ because of its sensitivity to
muscle contraction
Kinaesthetic sensory receptors are
found in the muscles, joints,
ligaments and tendons
Kinaesthetic sense enables us to
be aware of the position of our body
to maintain balance and also to
enables us to detect body
movements

Human Brain
Cerebrum
- Controls voluntary actions and
sensory functions
- - the biggest part of the brain

Medulla
oblongata
- Controls
involuntary
actions such as
heartbeats and

Cerebellum
- Controls body
balance
- Coordinates
body balance

Voluntary and involuntary actions

Voluntary action
o- type of action
that is controlled
by desires
Involuntary
actions
o- controlled by
the medulla
oblongata

Chemical
coordination in
Pituitary
Thyroid
the
body
glands
glands

Adrenal
glands

Pancreas
glands

Testis (male)

Ovary
(female)

Drugs and their

characteristics
Heroines and
morphine

LSD

Cocaine

EXAMPLE
S OF
DRUGS

Barbiturate

Amphetamin
e

Drugs and their

characteristics
Depressants
(sedative)
Heroine and
morphine
Delay response to
a stimulus

Opiates (painkiller)
Morphine and
marijuana
Relieve pain and
anxiety

Stimulants
(stimulator)
Amphetamine
Increase
metabolic rate

TYPES
OF
DRUGS
Hallucinogens
(modify emotions)
Marijuana
Hallucination

Effects of alcohol
on body
Alcohol affects the nervous system
bycoordination
hindering the efficiencyand
of its
function and coordination
health
The response time of a drunkard
during emergencies is longer
Alcohol can interfere with the
cerebrum and slow down its impulse
transmissions
Alcohol can damage liver cells,
decrease bile production and cause