What is DESIGN?

To fashion after plan

BUT

that leaves out the essential fact to

design is to create something that
has never been

 In the discipline of engineering, the term Design

may convey different meanings to different people:
To some: A designer is a person who uses drafting
tools to draw the details of a part
To other: A design is a creation of a sophisticated
system, such as computer system
For our purpose: The term engineering design
means the design of items of a technical naturestructure, devices.

COMPROMISE
Requires making choices
between many possible
solutions at all levels,
from basic concepts to
smallest detail of shape

CREATIVITY
creation of something that
has not existed before or
not existed in the designers
mind before

CHOICE
Requires balancing multiple
and sometimes conflicting
requirements

COMPLEXITY
Requires decisions on many
variables and parameters

 engineers are not the only people

who design things, it is true that the
professional practice of engineering
is largely concerned with design; it is
frequently said that design is the
essence of engineering.
To design is to create a new process
or arrange existing process to satisfy
a design requirement.

COMMUNICATION OF
THE RESULTS

DEFINITION OF
THE PROBLEM

A PROBLEM-SOLVING
METHODOLOGY
GATHERING OF
INFORMATION

EVALUATION OF
ALTERNATIVES

GENERATION OF
ALTERNATIVE
SOLUTION

Note how the design depends on the viewpoint of the

individual who defines the problem

Gathering information
Your assigned problem may be in a technical
area in which you have no previous
background, and you may not have even a
single basic reference on the subject.
At the other extreme you may be presented
with a mountain of reports of previous work
and your task will be to keep from drowning in
paper.
Whatever the situation, the immediate task is
to identify the needed pieces of information
and find or develop that information.

 An important point to realize is that the

information needed in design is different
from that usually associated with an
academic course.
Textbooks and articles published in the
scholarly technical journals usually are of
lesser importance.
The need often is for more specific and
current information than is provided by
those sources.

 Technical reports published as a result of

government-sponsored R&D, company reports,
trade journals, patents, catalogs, and
handbooks and literature published by vendors
and suppliers of material and equipment are
important sources of information.
The Internet is becoming a very useful
resource, too. Often the missing piece of
information can be supplied by a telephone call
or an e-mail to a key supplier.
Discussions with in-house experts (often in

the corporate R&D center) and outside

consultants may prove helpful.

Communication of the results

It must always be kept in mind that the purpose of
the design is to satisfy the needs of a customer or
client.
Therefore, the finalized design must be properly
communicated, or it may lose much of its impact
or significance.
The communication is usually by oral presentation
to the sponsor as well as by a written design
report.
A recent survey showed that design engineers
spend 60 percent of their time in discussing
designs and preparing written documentation of
designs, while only 40 per-cent of the time is spent
in analyzing designs and doing the designing.

REGULATORY
REGULATORY
SAFETY &
& ENV
ENV
,, SAFETY
ISSUES
ISSUES

DESIGN
DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
REQUIREMENTS

CONSIDERATIONS OF
A GOOD DESIGN
ECONOMIC
ECONOMIC
ISSUES
ISSUES

Guidelines for problem solving

Defining the problem and

background information

Summary
Reference used
Introduction
Properties and uses
Production processes

Feasibility study and literature

survey

Process selection

Process description and

equipment lists

Site consideration

Plant layout

Environment impact analysis

Mass and energy balance