COMMUNICATION

PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL

EJJ 210

Prof. JAG Malherbe

15-25, Engineering I
jagm@up.ac.za

ASSIGNMENT 5 FEEDBACK

[1] R. Nagaraj, Renewable energy based small hybrid power system for
desalination applications in remote locations, in IEEE 5th India
International Conference on Power Electronics (IICPE), June 2012, pp.
1 5.
[2] R. Nagaraj, Renewable energy based small hybrid power system for
desalination applications in remote locations, in IEEE 5th India Int.
Conf. Power Electron. (IICPE), June 2012, pp. 1 5.

[1] J. Arai, K. Iba, T. Funabashi, K. Koyanagi and R. Yokoyama, Power

electronics and its application to renewable energy in Japan, IEEE
Circuits and Systems Magazine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp.52 66, Mar. 2008.
[2] J. Arai, K. Iba, T. Funabashi, K. Koyanagi and R. Yokoyama, Power
electronics and its application to renewable energy in Japan, IEEE
Circuit Syst. Mag., vol. 8, no. 3, pp.52 66, Mar. 2008.

 Do not provide URLs in your references

Name format:
A.B. Author, S.E. Author and T.H. Author, The
Avoid at all costs 5 x J.C. Lin or any other.
Authors, Title of paper, in Name of Conference,
year, pp. xx yy.
Author(s), Title of paper, Journal title, vol. xx, no.
xx, pp. yy zz, Abb. Month, year.
Spectrum, IEEE
Justification!!

IEEE Spectrum

 Spacing:
After each
o

comma,^

period.^

question mark?^

exclamation mark!^

colon:^

semicolon;^

Parentheses)^

12 SCOPUS AND WILEY

Keywords: ((cell phones) AND cancer)

Structure: Paper. Title, Abstract, Keywords, Body, Conclusion,

Referencing style and numbering.

Blonde in Library.flv

13

EXTRACTING INFORMATION AND

PARAPHRASING
13.1 Obtain references on the Effects of Power
Lines
on Cancer.
Obtaining information: IEEEXplore. Enter via
the UP
library website.
Keywords: ((power lines) AND cancer)

Keywords: (("power lines") AND cancer)

14.2 Chosen references:

[1]

N. Wertheimer and E. Leeper, "Electrical Wiring Configurations and

Childhood Cancer," A. Jour. Epidemiology, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 273-284, Mar.
1979.

[2]

J.E. Moulder and K.R. Foster "Is there a link between power-frequency
electric fields and cancer?"IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., vol. 18, no2, pp. 109
-116, Mar/Apr 1999.

[3] J.R. Ashley, "Are power lines unsafe?" IEEE Spectrum, vol. 37, no. 7, pp.2123, Jul. 2000.
[4] R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields with the
Human Body", IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag.,vol. 17, no. 6, pp.67-68, June
1998.
[5]

J.R. Ashley, R.E. Beatie, and J.F. Heneage, "Power Lines, Cancer and
Erroneous Physics", in Proc. Electro 98, 1998, pp. 171-179.

[6] J.R. Ashley, R.E. Beatie, and J.F. Heneage, "Evaluation of Power Line
Measurements of the Link with Cancer", in Proc. IEEE Southeastcon '96,
1996, pp. 41-50.
[7] Y. Amemiya, "A Comment on some Epidemiologic Papers related to Cancer
and Magnetic Fields of Power Lines", in 1999 Intl. Symp.Electromagn.
Compat., 1999, pp. 173-176.
[8] D. L. Henshaw and A.P. Fews, "Concentration of pollutant aerosol particles
by power frequency electromagnetic fields", in IEE Coll. Electromagn.
Hazards, Safety & Human Interaction, 1997, pp.5/1-5/3.

14.3
Example of paraphrasing material
obtained from
the references.
[3] J.R. Ashley, "Are power lines unsafe?" IEEE Spectrum, vol. 37, no.
7, pp.21-23, Jul. 2000.
TWO decades of magnetic field research have yet to explain why living
near overhead power lines increases the risk of childhood leukemia. My
recent findings lead me to believe that we should have been measuring
electric fields instead.

14.3
Example of paraphrasing material
obtained from
the references.
[3] J.R. Ashley, "Are power lines unsafe?" IEEE Spectrum, vol. 37, no.
7, pp.21-23, Jul. 2000.
TWO decades of magnetic field research have yet to explain why living
near overhead power lines increases the risk of childhood leukemia. My
recent findings lead me to believe that we should have been measuring
electric fields instead.
For two decades scientists have been concentrating on the magnetic
field as the cause of ill effects in humans. It is now proposed that
the electric field should be considered rather than the magnetic
field.

In 1979 an epidemiological study of childhood cancer in Denver, Colo.,

yielded startling results. It concluded that living within 20 meters of
overhead power distribution lines tripled the risk of childhood
leukemia. The study looked at the geometry of power lines on poles,
referred to as the wire code, near cancer victims' houses. The
researchers then attempted to estimate the current that typically ran
through those lines and made the assumption that houses near certain
configurations were subjected to higher magnetic fields. Accordingly,
they identified a potential link between 60-Hz magnetic fields and
cancer, particularly childhood leukemia. However, detailed
measurements of the magnetic fields were not made in the Denver
study.

In 1979 an epidemiological study of childhood cancer in Denver, Colo.,

yielded startling results. It concluded that living within 20 meters of
overhead power distribution lines tripled the risk of childhood
leukemia. The study looked at the geometry of power lines on poles,
referred to as the wire code, near cancer victims' houses. The
researchers then attempted to estimate the current that typically ran
through those lines and made the assumption that houses near certain
configurations were subjected to higher magnetic fields. Accordingly,
they identified a potential link between 60-Hz magnetic fields and
cancer, particularly childhood leukemia. However, detailed
measurements of the magnetic fields were not made in the Denver
study.
Scientists [in Denver, Colo.] investigating the possible link
between childhood leukaemia and the proximity to electric
power line were surprised to find that there existed a link
between leukaemia and the magnetic field generated by
nearby power lines. No measurements of fields were made.

That was left to a follow-on epidemiological study in Denver,

published in 1988. It found that measured average magnetic fields
inside the homes did not correlate significantly with cancer risk. Still,
this study verified the original finding that wire codes have a
marginally significant correlation with increased cancer risk - perhaps
not triple, but enough certainly to raise concerns.

That was left to a follow-on epidemiological study in Denver,

published in 1988. It found that measured average magnetic fields
inside the homes did not correlate significantly with cancer risk. Still,
this study verified the original finding that wire codes have a
marginally significant correlation with increased cancer risk - perhaps
not triple, but enough certainly to raise concerns.
A later follow-up epidemiological study did perform field
measurements but found no significant correlation with magnetic
field strengths inside the home existed.

That was left to a follow-on epidemiological study in Denver,

published in 1988. It found that measured average magnetic fields
inside the homes did not correlate significantly with cancer risk. Still,
this study verified the original finding that wire codes have a
marginally significant correlation with increased cancer risk - perhaps
not triple, but enough certainly to raise concerns.
A later follow-up epidemiological study did perform field
measurements but found no significant correlation with magnetic
field strengths inside the home existed.

FLAWED RESEARCH
I read the first Denver study results in 1987. I personally rejected the
idea that wire codes could be linked to magnetic fields, and therefore
considered the results of the epidemiological research to he flawed. I
was not at all convinced that living near power lines might increase
childhood cancer risk.

That was left to a follow-on epidemiological study in Denver,

published in 1988. It found that measured average magnetic fields
inside the homes did not correlate significantly with cancer risk. Still,
this study verified the original finding that wire codes have a
marginally significant correlation with increased cancer risk - perhaps
not triple, but enough certainly to raise concerns.
A later follow-up epidemiological study did perform field
measurements but found no significant correlation with magnetic
field strengths inside the home existed.

FLAWED RESEARCH
I read the first Denver study results in 1987. I personally rejected the
idea that wire codes could be linked to magnetic fields, and therefore
considered the results of the epidemiological research to he flawed. I
was not at all convinced that living near power lines might increase
childhood cancer risk.
The author believed the results of the epidemiological research to be
flawed, and purchased suitable equipment for measuring both
magnetic and electric field strengths.

In 1990, after retiring from a career involved with microwave R&D in

the aerospace industry, I set out on a personal quest to debunk the
theorized link between wire cods and magnetic fields and hence any
correlation between magnetic fields and cancer rates. I thought research
dollars were being wasted punting this theory. After spending US $300
on instruments that measure both magnetic and electric fields, I needed
only a couple of days of making measurements in Tampa, Fla., where I
live, and in the Denver area covered by the 1979 study, to verify my
evaluation of the relationship between wire codes and magnetic fields tic correlation is zilch. Later, I visited Santa Monica and West Los
Angeles, where the 1991 study was conducted. My measurements there
showed an even poorer estimation of magnetic fields by wire codes,
and therefore, no reasonable link between magnetic fields and cancer
risk.

In 1990, after retiring from a career involved with microwave R&D in

the aerospace industry, I set out on a personal quest to debunk the
theorized link between wire cods and magnetic fields and hence any
correlation between magnetic fields and cancer rates. I thought research
dollars were being wasted punting this theory. After spending US $300
on instruments that measure both magnetic and electric fields, I needed
only a couple of days of making measurements in Tampa, Fla., where I
live, and in the Denver area covered by the 1979 study, to verify my
evaluation of the relationship between wire codes and magnetic fields tic correlation is zilch. Later, I visited Santa Monica and West Los
Angeles, where the 1991 study was conducted. My measurements there
showed an even poorer estimation of magnetic fields by wire codes,
and therefore, no reasonable link between magnetic fields and cancer
risk.
Measurements performed at various locations [in Tampa, Fl;
Denver, Co; Santa Monica, Ca; and West L.A., Ca;] where previous
studies had been performed, confirmed no reasonable correlation
between magnetic field strength and cancer.

14.4

Summaries of selected references.

[1] N. Wertheimer and E. Leeper, "Electrical Wiring Configurations and

Childhood Cancer," A. Jour. Epidemiology, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 273284, Mar. 1979.
An excess of electrical wiring configurations suggestive of high
current-flow was noted in Colorado in 1976-1977 near the homes of
children who developed cancer, as compared to the homes of control
children. The finding was strongest for children who had spent their
entire lives at the same address, and it appeared to be dose-related. It
did not seem to be an artefact of neighborhood, street congestion, social
class, or family structure. The reason for the correlation is uncertain;
possible effects of current in the water pipes or of AC magnetic fields
are suggested.
[Cited 1367 times]

14.4

Summaries of selected references.

[1] N. Wertheimer and E. Leeper, "Electrical Wiring Configurations and

Childhood Cancer," A. Jour. Epidemiology, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 273284, Mar. 1979.
An excess of electrical wiring configurations suggestive of high
current-flow was noted in Colorado in 1976-1977 near the homes of
children who developed cancer, as compared to the homes of control
children. The finding was strongest for children who had spent their
entire lives at the same address, and it appeared to be dose-related. It
did not seem to be an artefact of neighborhood, street congestion, social
class, or family structure. The reason for the correlation is uncertain;
possible effects of current in the water pipes or of AC magnetic fields
are suggested.
[Cited 1367 times]

14.4

Summaries of selected references.

[1] N. Wertheimer and E. Leeper, "Electrical Wiring Configurations and

Childhood Cancer," A. Jour. Epidemiology, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 273284, Mar. 1979.
An excess of electrical wiring configurations suggestive of high
current-flow was noted in Colorado in 1976-1977 near the homes of
children who developed cancer, as compared to the homes of control
children. The finding was strongest for children who had spent their
entire lives at the same address, and it appeared to be dose-related. It
did not seem to be an artefact of neighborhood, street congestion, social
class, or family structure. The reason for the correlation is uncertain;
possible effects of current in the water pipes or of AC magnetic fields
are suggested.
[Cited 1367 times]

[4] R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields

with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6,
pp.67-68, June 1998.
"The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to
the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of
concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has
recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest
editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was
devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the
emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the
world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present
study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for
dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic
fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these
studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7].
More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and
Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the
detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et
al. [11] and Pickard [12].

[4] R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields

with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6,
pp.67-68, June 1998.
"The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to
the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of
concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has
recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest
editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was
devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the
emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the
world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present
study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for
dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic
fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these
studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7].
More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and
Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the
detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et
al. [11] and Pickard [12].

[4] R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields

with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6,
pp.67-68, June 1998.
"The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to
the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of
concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has
recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest
editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was
devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the
emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the
world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present
study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for
dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic
fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these
studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7].
More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and
Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the
detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et
al. [11] and Pickard [12].

[4] R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields

with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6,
pp.67-68, June 1998.
"The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to
the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of
concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has
recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest
editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was
devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the
emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the
world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present
study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for
dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic
fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these
studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7].
More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and
Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the
detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et
al. [11] and Pickard [12].

[4] R.W.P. King, "The Interaction of Power-Line Electromagnetic Fields

with the Human Body", IEEE Eng. Medicine Biol. Mag., vol. 17, no. 6,
pp.67-68, June 1998.
"The possible deleterious effects on human health due to exposure to
the 50-60 Hz electromagnetic fields of power lines have been of
concern for over 30 years. This important problem in biophysics has
recently generated much activity. Specifically, under the guest
editorship of M. A. Stuchly, a special section of Radio Science was
devoted to electromagnetics in biology and medicine [l]. Most of the
emphasis in the published papers from authors from many parts of the
world is on very-low-frequency fields. Topics relevant to the present
study are exposure assessment by Sussman [2], numerical methods for
dosimetry by Gandhi [3], cellular studies by Liburdy [4], and magnetic
fields and cancer by Holmberg and Rannug [SI. Supplementing these
studies is earlier work by Gandhi and Chen [6] and by Tenforde [7].
More recent work includes a series of analytical studies by King and
Wu [8], King and Sandler [9], and King [10]. Thermal noise and the
detection of electric fields in thermal noise are treated by Sarpeshkar et
al. [11] and Pickard [12].

!
!
!

A summary of the relevant literature is presented [King gives a

complete summary of the relevant literature on the topic]; the
publications summarizing epidemiological studies are grouped, and
other authors and their contributions identified.

O
N

The paper does not deal with epidemiology per s; rather, it

explains the nature of electromagnetic fields scientifically, and
analyzes the properties of the human body in terms of conductivity,
permittivity, permeability, and its behaviour under conditions of
static, slowly varying and AC fields. The errors in argument when
simplified models of the human body are defined are pointed out, and
alternative models are proposed. It is then shown that field effects
could be radically different if the proposed models are used.

This background of basic research provides the tools for 1) accurately

calculating the electromagnetic field near a power line; 2)
quantitatively correlating this field with the fields and currents induced
by them in the human body; 3) relating these fields to fields used in
laboratory experiments with living tissues; and 4) comparing induced
fields with epidemiological results. "
The apparently popular approach to completely neglect the
effects of the electric field is shown to be a serious error. Methods
for following a proper scientific method are presented.

[5] J.R. Ashley, R.E. Beatie, and J.F. Heneage, "Power Lines, Cancer and
Erroneous Physics", in Proc. Electro 98, 1998, pp. 171-179.
"ABSTRACT
A 1979 epidemiologic study in Denver found that living near overhead
distribution lines significantly increased the risk of certain kinds
childhood cancers. No measurements of electrical quantities were
made. The hypothesis advanced as an explanation was that the
magnetic field would be the causative agent and that the magnetic
fields could be estimated by counting the number of conductors on the
line and measuring the distance to the home, termed wiring
configurations. By estimating the induced current density in humans
standing below the power lines, one learns that the electric field must
be considered as a possible causative agent. The follow on study in
Denver failed to properly measure the fields directly under the power
line. The defined wiring configuration codes failed to account for the
spacing of the conductors or the location of the residence with respect
to the supply substation.

The idea that wiring configurations (a.k.a. wiring codes) estimate

magnetic fields is erroneous. The studies in Denver, Los Angeles,
Sweden, Finland, and a large area in the USA have found insufficient
confidence in the magnetic field hypothesis, possibly because of many
other physics errors; e.g., ignoring the role of vector direction, time and
space averaging, not measuring any reasonable aspect of the power line
electric fields, ignoring the engineering design differences in the
transmission and distribution systems. The Scandinavian studies
concentrated on 1 15 Kv to 400 kV bulk transmission lines; yet, failed
to consider the electric fields which induce at least ten times greater
current density in a human than do the magnetic fields near the same
lines. The cumulative effect of these serious errors in engineering
physics is that the past decade of funded research has failed to explain
why living adjacent to overhead distribution power lines in Denver and
Los Angeles and living within 50 meters of bulk transmission lines in
Sweden increases the risk of childhood leukemia."

[The authors initially discuss] The background of the popular

conceptions that the current carried in power lines cause magnetic
fields which in turn can be harmful to human health is discussed. It
is argued that the electric field strength in fact causes current to
flow in the body and that it, rather than the magnetic field strength,
could have a much more serious effect on health.
It is shown that certain major errors were made in arguments
in the past, such as neglecting current density, not taking peak
current density into account, neglecting the effects of electric flux
density, not taking the effects of buried power lines into
consideration, and making use of wiring codes to estimate exposure.
In analyzing specific epidemiological studies, it is shown that,
for instance, only transmission line effects were taken into
consideration, and not the effects caused by pole-mounted
transformers. Additionally, once again no measurements were
performed, only estimates based on conductor geometry.

[6] J.R. Ashley, R.E. Beatie, and J.F. Heneage, "Evaluation of Power Line
Measurements of the Link with Cancer", in Proc. IEEE Southeastcon
'96, 1996, pp. 41-50.
"Abstract - One rather widely accepted viewpoint of the possible link
of overhead power lines to increased cancer risk was presented in IEEE
Spectrum, Dec. 1994 [l]. We present measurement data regarding the
epidemiology studies to counter this viewpoint. The statistics relating
increased childhood cancer risk to living within 20 m of Denver and
Los Angeles overhead power lines, within 50 m of 220 and 400 kV
overhead power lines in Sweden, are significant and require engineers
and other scientists to determine the cause. However, the measured data
do not support the hypothesis that magnetic fields cause the increased
cancer risk. True electromagnetic fields are insignificant in terms
measurable biological effects. Research since about 1980 has neglected
the hypothesis that electric fields might explain the increased cancer
risk. Your authors agree with the American Physical Society in
suggesting research funding for magnetic fields should be terminated."

In an earlier work by the same authors, it is argued that timeaveraging of fields to determine exposure effects is a serious error,
and that use of the term electromagnetic fields, which imply
radiating effects, is incorrect. At 60Hz the wavelength is 5 000 km,
and in the context of the size of a human, radiation is zero. They
once again stress the fact that one cannot rely purely on magnetic
fields, but that electric fields should also be taken into
consideration.
They do express concern over the possible link between
electric or magnetic fields and leukaemia, as determined by various
epidemiological studies over a period of time.

[7] Y. Amemiya, "A Comment on some Epidemiologic Papers related to

Cancer and Magnetic Fields of Power Lines", in 1999 Intl.
Symp.Electromagn. Compat., 1999, pp. 173-176.
"Abstract: Many epidemiologic papers on the relation between cancer
and magnetic fields of power lines have been published. This paper
presents a new interpretation of them. Some public panels that
reviewed this paper stated that that is no conclusive evidence to show
that magnetic fields cause cancer. Others stated that magnetic fields are
carcinogenic. The difference between the conclusions of the panels is
from discrepancies in interpreting the same papers. I examined the
reasoning of some epidemiologic papers from their premise to the
conclusion and found that in a Swedish paper (Karolinska Inst.) there
was a logical contradiction and in a Nordic pooled paper pooling data
of a Danish, a Finnish and the Swedish studies there was a logical
fallacy Therefore, I could not accept that the hypothesis 'there is an
association between power-line magnetic fields and childhood
leukaemia' was verified."

Historic background. Nat. Inst. of Environmental Health Science

voted to consider power lines hazardous to health. The hypothesis
that power lines are hazardous is made, and it is shown that the
conclusion wanted is equal to the hypothesis.
The author speculates that the authors of the Swedish and
Nordic papers have made an error in logical argument. As they could
not find a direct link, satisfying their hypothesis, they gave it up
and decide to pool results from other studies rather than modify
their hypothesis. It is suggested that they should have given up
satisfying their hypothesis.

"Premise
The authors of the paper assumed that a measure for representing the magnetic fields
was the calculated historical magnetic fields irrespective of kinds of residential
house. In plain words, this means, I think, that regardless of whether children
live in a one-family house or an apartment, they can contract leukaemia from the
magnetic fields of power lines [A].
Results of the analysis
Using a stratum-specific analysis, the authors obtained the result that there was the
association for children residing in a one-family house but not for children
residing in an apartment [B]. It is known from Table 2.
Discussion
Table 2 shows the relative risk RR and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) when
the calculated magnetic fields are 2 rnG (0.2 T) and larger, where the RR is
assumed to be unity when it is 0.9 mG and smaller; n is number of cases; I and II
correspond respectively to the data for the one-family houses and apartments and
III corresponds to the pooled data.
Therefore, it is obvious that the results of the analysis (B] are inconsistent with the
premise [A]: I suspect that there is a contradiction in logic."

It is also shown that there is a logical fallacy in that it was shown

that children living in a residential house do not have the same
probability of contracting leukaemia as those living in an apartment.
This is shown to be a contradiction in logic.

[8] D. L. Henshaw and A.P. Fews, "Concentration of pollutant aerosol

particles by power frequency electromagnetic fields", in IEE Coll.
Electromagn. Hazards, Safety & Human Interaction, 1997, pp.5/1-5/3.
"Extended Abstract
Power frequency electromagnetic fields, EMFs interact with natural
and pollutant aerosols in air by mechanisms that are deeply rooted in
basic physics. This interaction, mediated principally by the electric, Efield component is readily demonstrated and we have suggested that the
phenomenon may explain the epidemiological association between
exposure to EM-fields under powerlines and the raised incidence of
childhood cancer.

[8] D. L. Henshaw and A.P. Fews, "Concentration of pollutant aerosol

particles by power frequency electromagnetic fields", in IEE Coll.
Electromagn. Hazards, Safety & Human Interaction, 1997, pp.5/1-5/3.
"Extended Abstract
Power frequency electromagnetic fields, EMFs interact with natural
and pollutant aerosols in air by mechanisms that are deeply rooted in
basic physics. This interaction, mediated principally by the electric, Efield component is readily demonstrated and we have suggested that the
phenomenon may explain the epidemiological association between
exposure to EM-fields under powerlines and the raised incidence of
childhood cancer.
Carcinogenic (and other) particles become charged can accumulate in
the vicinity of power lines. This could lead to the increase of
leukaemia in children.

The next Assignments

Assignment 6: Wednesday 25/03.
Paraphrase three of your references.
Note that there will not be enough time to
do the paraphrasing during the tutorial
time. Paraphrasing must be done before
the tutorial, and then only submitted
during the tutorial.
Assignment 7: Create a title, an abstract,
and keywords in the final format.
Paraphrase the remaining two
references (15/04).
Assignment 8: Write a paper, using the
material of Assignments 5 7 (13/05).

16-20
03

1.

Literature search, Google

Scholar & Scopus; Paraphrasing.

1.

Structure: Paper. Title, Abstract,

Keywords, Body, Conclusion,
Referencing style and
numbering.

23-27
03

Lecture 6
Lab tutorial
6
Lecture 7
Lab tutorial
7

30/03-10/04
13-17
04
20-24
04

1.

Logic.

1.

Power Points

ASS 6. Paraphrase 3
references.

ASS 7. Paraphrase 2
references, title, key-words &
abstract
ASS 9. PowerPoint file

ASS 8. Final Paper

(submission)
ASS 10. Individual
Presentations

RECESS

Lecture 8
Lab Tutorial
8
Lecture 9
Lab Tutorial
9
27-30/04

ASS 5. Accessing information.

Literature search on topic:
references

RECESS

04-08/05 TEST WEEK

ASS 10. Individual Presentations
11-15
05

Lecture 10
Lab tutorial
10

Assignments 6, 7 & 8 are Turnitin

assignments.

Assignments 6, 7 & 8 are Turnitin

assignments.
This means you can work at home, on your
own, and submit via Turnitin which will
evaluate your material for correspondence
with all other material, including EJJ
210.

Assignments 6, 7 & 8 are Turnitin

assignments.
This means you can work at home, on your
own, and submit via Turnitin which will
evaluate your material for correspondence
with all other material, including EJJ
210.
Submission will take place at the labs from
07:30 to 09:20. You may talk, walk,
phone, and do all the stuff you always
wanted to do during a tutorial. There will
not be groups.