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Pill Camera
Pill Camera
A
PILL
WITH
A
VIEW
AURORAS SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY
PILL CAMERA
PILLCAM PLATFORM COMPONENTS
PILLCAM PROCEDURE
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
FUTURE SCOPE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
AURORAS SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
INTRODUCTION
Aim of technology is to manufacture products at
molecular level.
Achieved by NANOTECHNOLOGY.
One such product is PILL CAMERA.
A vitamin pill-sized, swallowable camera.
Capture images of inside body.
Technique is CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY.
Study on captured images by the experts.
Approved by European Medicines Agency .
AURORAS SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL
INSTITUTE
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY
Novel noninvasive technology.
Provide diagnostic imaging.
Simple and safe.
Good quality images.
Detect evidence of diseases that traditional
endoscopy cannot.
Diagnosis of diseases of small bowel.
Lately, for esophageal & colonic diseases.
PILL CAMERA
Recent development of Nanotechnology.
Camera in a Pill.
Size of a Capsule.
Shape of a Pill.
Capsule Camera.
Tiny camera.
Once it is swallowed, takes pictures .
Proximal and distal portions of gastrointestinal
tract are visible.
SPECIFICATIONS
Picture of a capsule
SPECIFICATIONS
Diameter 11mm.
Length 26mm.
Less than 4gm.
Bullet Shape.
Silver oxide button batteries.
Biocompatible material.
FEATURES
Takes 2 images per second.
50,000 images are obtained during an 8 hour
exam.
Magnification:8x.
Coating is non-adherent.
Disposable.
INTERNAL VIEW
It has 8 parts.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Optical dome.
Lens Holder.
Lens.
Illuminating LEDs.
CMOS image sensor.
Battery.
ASIC transmitter.
Antennae.
1.OPTICAL DOME
Front part of the capsule.
Bullet shaped.
Light Receiving Window.
Non conductor material.
Harmless.
Easy orientation.
Prevent infiltration of digestive fluids inside the
capsule.
Easy propelling.
AURORAS SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL
INSTITUTE
2.LENS HOLDER
Accommodates the lens.
Lens is tightly fixed.
Avoids dislocation of lens.
3.LENS
Integral component.
Behind Light Receiving Window.
Light through window falls on the lens.
4.ILLUMINATING LEDs
Illuminate an object.
Non-reflection coating on the Light Receiving
window.
Light irradiated from the LEDs pass through the
Light Receiving Window.
PIXEL
ARRAY
READ
CIRCUIT
OSCILLATING
CIRCUIT
CODING
CIRCUIT
SWITCHING
CIRCUIT
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
CURRENT
LIMITING
CIRCUIT
6.BATTERY
Button shaped & 2 in number.
Silver oxide primary batteries.
Even discharge voltage.
Disposable.
Harmless.
7.ASIC TRANSMITTER
Application Specific Integrated Circuit.
Behind the batteries.
2 transmitting electrodes are connected to it.
Electrodes are electrically isolated.
8.ANTENNAE
Dome is harmless.
Parylene coated onto polyethylene or
polypropylene is used.
Receives data from ASIC transmitter.
Send to Data Recorder.
PILLCAM PROCEDURE
1. Fasting for 10-12 hours.
2. No iron pills for 5 days.
3. 8 skin antennas connected to hard drive, are taped
to the patients anterior abdominal wall.
4. Swallow the capsule with few sips of water.
5. Capsule moves by peristalsis.
6. Patient can leave the center.
7. After 7-8 hrs, the patient must returns.
8. Collect images from Data Recorder and examine it.
PROCEDURE
Swallowing a
Pill.
PROCEDURE
1. Camera takes pictures after the removal of the
capsule.
2. Transmit by means of RF to the Sensor Array.
3. Then to Data Recorder.
4. Real Time Viewer.
5. Recorded data are downloaded to the computer.
6. Use the RAPID software.
7.Excretes capsule within 24-48 hrs.
DEMO
Movement Of Capsule Through
The Digestive System
DATA
RECORDER
COMPUTER
1.PILLCAM CAPSULE
PILLCAM SB
Approved by FDA.
For small bowel.
Std Lighting control.
One sided imaging.
2 images per second.
50,000 images in 8 hrs.
Pillcam SB 2-improved
optics-cleared by FDA.
PILLCAM ESO
Approved by FDA.
For esophagus.
Automatic Light control.
Two sided photography.
14 images per second.
2,600 images in 20
minutes.
Pillcam ESO 2-wider
view-cleared by FDA.
Sensor Pads.
Data Cable.
Battery charger.
Receiver Bag.
3.DATA RECORDER
Small portable Recording device.
Placed in the Recorder pouch.
Attached to the Sensor Belt.
Lightweight-470gm.
Integrated Battery.
5.WORKSTATION &RAPID
SOFTWARE
Enables efficient Capsule Endoscopy.
Review & Analysis.
RAPID 6.
RAPID 6 Access.
RAPID 6 Reader.
ENDOCAPSULE SOFTWARE
MIROVIEW SOFTWARE
IMAGES
Capsule in
Small Bowel
Healthy Small Bowel
Crohns disease
ADVANTAGES
Painless, no side effects .
Miniature size.
Accurate, precise (view of 150).
High quality images.
Harmless material.
Simple procedure.
High sensitivity & specificity.
Avoids risk in sedation and radiation.
Efficient than X-ray, CT-scan, normal endoscopy.
AURORAS SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL
INSTITUTE
DISADVANTAGES
Gastrointestinal obstructions prevent the free flow
of capsule.
Patients with pacemakers, pregnant women face
difficulties.
Not a replacement for colonoscopy.
Very expensive.
Not reusable.
Surgical removal for capsule obstruction.
Batteries may not last long.
AURORAS SCIENTIFIC &
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
APPLICATIONS
FUTURE SCOPE
Capsule with a laser.
Zooming & Auto Focus.
Restorative Surgery & Pharmacological
Intervention.
Reduction in size.
Cost effective.
Longer Battery life.
Telemetric capacities.
SAYAKA-Battery free Endoscopic Capsule.
CONCLUSION
Endoscopy Capsule is the pioneering concept in
the medical technology.
Great help to the Physicians.
Nanotechnology has the power to revolutionize
the world of production.
REFERENCE
@ www.scribd.com
@ www.authorstream.com
@ www.givenimaging.com
@ www.olympus-europa.com/endoscopy
@ www.intromedic.com
@ www.rfamerica.com/sayaka
@ www.wikipedia.org
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AURORAS SCIENTIFIC &
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE