CELL DIVISION

MITOSIS
MEIOSIS

CONCEPT MAP:

CELL DIVISION
GROUP 4

Disorderly movement

Effects

Leads to Preventive measures

Chromosome movement
appreciates

what

CELL DIVISION

definition
Maintain
diploid number
The significance

divides into

Understanding
Compare &
Meiosis
contrast

the need

Contributes to
consists of

what

relates to

Producing new cells

Understanding the need

Mitosis
Contributes to

a part of
The significance

Cell cycle

Where it occurs

stages

definition

consists of

divides into

phases

Meiosis I Compare & Meiosis II

contrast

stages
consists of

includes

includes
mitosis

Importance of
regeneration

Controlled mitosis

Compare &
contrast

effects of

examples
healing

cytokinesis
Animal cell &
plant cell

application
includes

Uncontrolled mitosis
examples
tumour

cancer

Tissue
culture

cloning
has
Advantages &
disadvantages

WHY WE GROW UP?

MITOSIS
As you know cell is a living thing. So, died
cells must be change. This process we call
it mitosis process. Cells divides for
enhance the number of cells in our body or
in organism. Mitosis are very important to
replace and improve the damage cells.
Generally, mitosis processes are liable to
re consuming, replace a new cells,
growing and asexual reproduction.

LETS ENJOY WITH

MITOSIS

CYCLE OF CELL
- G1
-S
- G2
- MITOSIS
- CYTOKINESIS

INTERPHASE
In the non-dividing Interphase cell, we have
already learned that the chromosomes are
extended so that their DNA can be used by the
cells. Because of this, the chromosomes can not
be seen in the nucleus.
G1 (FIRST GROWING)
S (SYNTHESIS DNA)
G2 ( SECOND GROWING) - chromosomes
condense by re-coiling. there is a point when they
finally become visible in the nucleus as they grow
shorter and thicker. This is the beginning of
Prophase.

MITOSIS HAVE 4 PHASE

PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE

CYTOKINESIS
PLANT CELL

ANIMAL CELL

PROPHASE
Chromatin in the nucleus
begins to condense and
becomes visible in the
light microscope as
chromosomes.
The nucleolus
disappears. Centrioles
begin moving to opposite
ends of the cell and fibers
extend from the
centromeres.
Some fibers cross the cell
to form the mitotic
spindle.

METAPHASE

Proteins attach to the centromeres

creating the kinetochores.
Microtubules attach at the
kinetochores and the
chromosomes begin moving.
Spindle fibers align the
chromosomes along the middle of
the cell nucleus. This line is
referred to as the metaphase plate.
This organization helps to ensure
that in the next phase, when the
chromosomes are separated, each
new nucleus will receive one copy
of each chromosome.

ANAPHASE
The paired chromosomes
separate at the
kinetochores and move to
opposite sides of the cell.
Motion results from a
combination of
kinetochore movement
along the spindle
microtubules and through
the physical interaction of
polar microtubules.

TELOPHASE
Chromatids arrive at
opposite poles of cell, and
new membranes form
around the daughter nuclei.
The chromosomes disperse
and are no longer visible
under the light microscope.
The spindle fibers disperse,
and cytokinesis or the
partitioning of the cell may
also begin during this stage

CYTOKINESIS
In animal cells,
cytokinesis results when
a fiber ring composed of
a protein called actin
around the center of the
cell contracts pinching the
cell into two daughter
cells, each with one
nucleus. In plant cells, the
rigid wall requires that a
cell plate be synthesized
between the two daughter
cells.

IN PLANT CELL
- In plant
cells, the
rigid wall
requires
that a cell
plate be
synthesized
between the
two
daughter
cells.

IN ANIMAL CELL
In animal cells,
cytokinesis
results when a
fiber ring
composed of a
protein called
actin around
the center of
the cell
contracts
pinching the
cell into two
daughter cells,
each with one

QUESTIONS

MEIOSIS

Prophase 1
Choromosome condense and split into two
kromatid.
Each homologus pairs is now called
bivalent or tetrad
The pairing of the homologus
chromosomes is called synapsis.

Prophase 1
Chiasma are points where the exchange
of chromatid is called crossing over.
Nuclear membrane disappears.

Metaphase 1
The nuclear membrane disappear and the
spindle fibres are fully formed
The homologous chromosomes or tetrads
assemble on the equator of the spindle.

Anaphase 1
Choromosomes in each homologous pair
(tetrad) separate, being pulled by the
spindle fibres.
Each pole receive only one of each
homologous pair chromosomes

Telophase 1
Chromosomes reach the opposite poles of
the spindle and the spindle fibres
disappear
Cytokinesis occurs to produce two haploid
cells

Meoisis 11
Divide the remaining set of chromosomes
in a mitosis like process
No replication

QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following

features of cell division is
very different for animal
and plant cells?

A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. cytokinesis

2. The stage of the cell cycle

where the cell is preparing
to begin DNA replication is
called:

A. G1
B. G2
C. S
D. M

3. Name the stage of mitosis as

shown in figure 1
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Telephase
D. Anaphase
Figure 1

4. The parts of X and Y are

X
A. Chromosome
B Chromatid
C. Chromatin
D. Chromosome

Y
Sentromer
Centromer
Centriol
Centriol

5. The number of chromosome in

diploid cell are
A. 3
B. 6
C. 12
D. 24

6. Which the following cell doing

the mitosis?
A. I and II only
B. I, II and III
only
C. I, II and IV
only
D. II, III and IV
only

I. Skin
II. Meristem
III. Gamete
IV Cambium

meiosis
Reduction division of diploid cells to
produce haploid sex gametes.
Take places at testes and ovaries, anthers
and ovules.

Question 1
All tumours are malignant. Circle the correct answer.
(True or False)
Question 2
Cancer cells become dangerous when they disrupt the functions of
neighbouring cells. Circle the correct answer.
(True or False)
Question 3
Tumour is a mass of cancer cells. Circle the correct answer.
(True or False)

Question 4
Tumour is a mass of undifferentiated cells. Circle the correct
answer.
(True or False)
Question 5
Elongation of the roots is controlled mitosis. Circle the correct
answer.
(True or False)
Question 6
Germination of seeds is controlled mitosis. Circle the correct
answer.
(True or False)

QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS