Sustainable

Architecture

Indoor Environmental Quality

1- Sustainable Site
Planning

2- Safeguarding Water and

Water Efficiency

SUSTAINABLE
DESIGN

3- Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy

4- Conservation of
Materials and Resources
Innovation and Design
Process

5- Indoor Environmental
Quality

5. Indoor Environmental Quality

Indoor Air Quality
(IAQ)
Building Materials &
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
Ventilation
Effectiveness
Temperature and
Relative Humidity

Light Quality

Acoustic Quality

A highly efficient light

level distribution that
improves visual
quality while reducing
electrical use may be
achieved through
efficient lighting
layout, lamps, and
luminaires.

Building Services
Noise and Vibration
Control
Noise Control at the
Source
Sound Isolation and
Room Acoustics

Controllability of Systems - as much control as possible is given to

individual users, without compromising the effectiveness and efficient
control of the overall system

Controllabilit
y of Systems

Controllability of Systems - as much control as possible is

given to individual users, without compromising the
effectiveness and efficient control of the overall system

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Low-emitting Materials
Environmentally Friendly Architecture Reduces the use of materials that may
release indoor air contaminants that are odorous or potentially irritating and
might be harmful to occupant health, comfort and well-being. These materials
must meet or be lower than the permissible VOC content limits (0.5 mg/m3)

Sources of Offgassing in Building Materials: 1- Paints 2- Ceiling tiles

3- Carpeting 4- VCT floor tiles 5- Manufactured wood products
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Ventilation, whether mechanical or natural,

may be used for:

Air Quality Control

to control building air quality, by diluting

internally-generated air contaminants with
cleaner outdoor air

Direct Indoor Cooling

to directly cool building interiors by

replacing or diluting warm indoor air with
cooler outdoor air

Direct Personal Cooling

to directly cool building occupants by

directing cool outdoor air over building
occupants at sufficient velocity

Indirect Night Cooling

to indirectly cool building interiors by precooling thermally massive components of

the building fabric

Three Fundamental Strategies to Natural

Ventilation
Wind-driven cross
ventilation

Buoyancy-driven
stack ventilation

Single-sided
ventilation

Elaborations of the Basic Strategies

Mixed Natural Ventilation

Strategies

Stack Ventilation With Subslab Distribution

Three Fundamental Strategies to Natural

Ventilation

1- Wind-driven
cross ventilation
occurs via ventilation
openings on opposite
sides of an enclosed
space.

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2- Buoyancy-Driven
Stack Ventilation relies
on density differences to
draw cool, outdoor air in
at low ventilation
openings and exhaust
warm, indoor air at higher
ventilation openings.
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Three Fundamental Strategies to Natural

Ventilation

3- Single-sided ventilation typically serves single

rooms and thus provides a local ventilation solution.
Compared to the other alternatives, single-sided
ventilation offers the least attractive natural
ventilation solution but, nevertheless, a solution that
can serve individual offices.
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Elaborations of the Basic Strategies

Mixed local/global
and stack/wind
ventilation strategy.

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Stack ventilation
with sub-slab
distribution
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Mixed Natural Ventilation

Strategies

Zion National
Park
Visitor Centre

Passive Down-Draft
Cooltowers
Water sprayed on pads
at the top of the towers
evaporates, cooling the
air. The cool, dense air
falls through the
tower and exits through
the large openings at the
bottom of the towers.

1. Passive Down-Draft Cooltowers

2. computer-controlled operable windows
3. roof-integrated PV panel

Natural Ventilation
The high clerestory
windows help cool
the center by allowing hot
air to escape while low
windows near the
doors allow cool air in.
Computer controls
operation of the clerestory
windows.

4. radiant floor heating

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Mixed Natural Ventilation

Strategies
Zion National
Park
Visitor Centre

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Mixed Natural Ventilation

Strategies

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Zion National Park

Visitor Centre

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Mixed Natural Ventilation Strategies

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Mixed Natural Ventilation

Strategies

Zion National
Park
Visitor Centre

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Mixed Natural Ventilation

Strategies
Torrent
Research
Center,
Ahmedabad,
India

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Stack Ventilation With Sub-slab

Distribution
Office Block in
Harare, Zimbabwe
suitable for hot
zones,
Architects Pearce
Partnership

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External walls (shielded from direct sunlight)

Heavy building mass
The enormous thermal mass of the building is
used to regulate the air temperature
Windows are small and do not exceed 25
percent of the exposed surface area

(Source: Slessor, 1996)

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Major Technical Barriers to Widespread

Use of Natural Ventilation
Air and noise pollution in urban areas and
city centres. presently lack proven filtration
capabilities
Controlling ventilation when natural driving
forces are small
Recovering heat from natural ventilation
systems (an issue of concern to countries
with very cold winters)
Combating summer overheating
Integrating and maintaining natural
ventilation systems
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Acoustic Quality (Noise Control)

Controlling noise at the
source
Controlling noise along its
path Reflected sound may
be reduced by placing sound
absorbing materials on
surfaces from which sound
will be reflected.
Controlling noise at the
receiver Direct ear
protection (ear plugs or ear
muffs) is often used to
protect workers hearing
when source and path noise
control are not practical or
possible (Temporary) Enclose
the listener in an acoustically
effective enclosure or Room
(Permanent)
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Attributes of Good Acoustic Quality

Sound rated
partition up to
ceiling

Sealed wall
penetrations
and acoustic
baffle duct
sections

Sound
absorbent
dropped
ceiling

Junctions
vibration
dampened

Sound
absorbent
insulation

Sound
rated
glazing

Sound
absorbent
flooring

Sound rated
partitions placed
on structural
floor

Sound
reflecting
transparent
partitions to
contain noise
where feasible

Sound
absorbent
partitions and
furnishings

Floor slab
floating on
insulation

The technology of noise control both inside and outside buildings is well developed today.

The
problem is that it is too seldom used. Robert B. Newman, Architect
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YORK UNIVERSITY Computer Science

Building - Case Study
Sustainable architecture main features
A central atrium to capture heat
stratification opportunities, thermal
"chimneys" on the roof and a large
component of operable perimeter
glazing that maximizes free cooling in
spring and fall and night time
"flushing" in the summer. The result is
stunning - energy consumption is 50%
less than comparable buildings.
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YORK UNIVERSITY Computer Science

Building - Case Study
The building features a planted roof, putting
green space on the infill site to a "higher"
use. The planted roof also acts as a holding
tank for stormwater
HVAC Plant is 50 % of normal size, resulting
in significantly less emissions during
operation.
Natural Daylighting - All spaces access
natural light either exterior or to interior
atriums.
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YORK UNIVERSITY Computer Science

Building - Case Study
Natural Ventilation: 100% Natural
Ventilation during swing seasons.
Operable window throughout, atrium
spaces, thermal "chimneys" on roof; wind
sensors control opening and closing of
windows in upper atrium spaces.
The building is acoustically sealed;
reducing noise in or out. Extensive
acoustic research was developed in
concert with natural ventilation
strategies. Acoustic lining is utilized to
control noise in high air movement areas.
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YORK UNIVERSITY Computer Science

Building - Case Study
Spaces are simple and fully flexible to
accommodate changing future
technologies. A continuous perimeter
raceway allows cabling flexibility.
Significant undercover bicycle
storage ; shower rooms on every floor
including disabled use. Building is also
readily accessible via public transit.

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YORK UNIVERSITY Computer Science

Building - Case Study

Building Section: diagrams natural daylighting

and mechanical systems in winter season.
Partial Section showing Natural Vent mode
during shoulder seasons (Spring/Autumn).
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YORK UNIVERSITY Computer Science

Building - Case Study

The building has the capability of performing as a

naturally ventilated "tropical" structure. The hot
climate design incorporates a central atrium to
capture heat stratification opportunities.
Thermal "chimneys" on the roof and a large
component of operable perimeter glazing maximize
free cooling in spring and fall and night time
"flushing" in the summer.
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YORK UNIVERSITY Computer Science

Building - Case Study

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