Can you identify the

midbrain, pons and

medulla on this midsagittal sequence.
Pons
Medulla

Can you identify the

pituitary gland? Note its
relationship to the
sphenoid sinus
Pituitary

Can you identify the

corpus callosum and the
cerebellum?
Corpus callosum

cerebellum

This is a coronal T1 weighted

sequence through the brain.
Can you identify the lateral
ventricles?

What are these glandular

structures noted laterally
(red arrows)?

Parotid glands

What is this bony structure

(red arrow)? See the
adjacent muscular
attachments.
Mandible
What are these
circular low signal
structures (yellow
arrows). Hint
flowing blood can
look like low signal,
sometimes called
flow voids.
Cavernous carotids

What is this large are of

signal void, in the middle of
the image (arrows)?
Hint, air produces no signal.

Sphenoid sinus

What is this muscular

structure (yellow arrows)?

This is the tongue. Do you see

the areas of high signal in the
muscle. We always see fat (high
signal on T1) in the tongue

Can you identify the

maxillary sinuses?
Hint, air filled sinuses will
produce no signal

Can you identify the nasal

turbinates?

Now lets take a look at the

orbits. Try and pick out the
optic nerve, superior rectus,
superior oblique, medial, lateral
and inferior rectus extra-ocular
muscles. The inferior oblique
muscle is note seen on these
images.
Review the innervation of the
these muscles. Which 2
muscles are not innervated by
the oculomotor nerve (III)

Superior oblique trochlear

nerve (IV)
Lateral rectus Abducens
nerve (VI)

Blue=optic nerve, White=inferior rectus

Red=medial rectus, Yellow=superior oblique
Green=superior rectus, Pink=lateral rectus

What is the signal void

over the orbits (arrow)?

Frontal sinuses

These are coronal contrast enhanced images, do you see the carotid arteries in the
cavernous sinuses.
Note the venous blood in the sinuses is slow flowing and in bight on these images
but the blood in the carotid arteries is fast flowing and it shows up as signal void.

Cavernous
sinuses
Carotids

Now we are out of the cavernous sinus. Do you see the abnormal enhancing
lesion in this case?

Can you identify the mandible?

Masseter muscle

Medial pterygoid muscle

What are the muscles

attached to the inside and
the outside of the mandible?

Do you see the right parotid gland?

Why dont you see the left parotid
gland? (was he born without one)

Unlikely, his head is just tiled in

the MRI scanner so the left one
is out of the plane

Can you identify the air filled spaces (areas of signal void) on this image?

Mastoid air cells

Nasopharynx

Maxillary Sinuses

What is this blood filled normal venous structure?

Transverse sinuses

What extra-ocular muscles do you see

on this image?

Inferior rectus on the right (yellow

arrow)
Lateral rectus on the left (red arrow)

This is the lesion, adjacent to the

cavernous extending to the orbital
apex

Do you see any areas of

abnormal enhancement?

What extra-ocular muscles can you

identify on the right?
Do you see the optic nerve?

Medial rectus blue arrow

Lateral rectus red arrow
Optic nerve pink arrow

Can you identify the frontal sinuses

and the sylvian fissures.

Frontal sinuses pink arrows

Sylvian fissures blue arrows