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Plant Metabolites
Plant Metabolites
Plant Metabolites
Primary Metabolites
Primary metabolites are compounds that are
commonly produced by all plants and that
are directly used in plant growth and
development.
The main primary metabolites are
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the sugars made up of glucose
and its isomers
Carbohydrates come in many different sizes:
Monosaccharides made up of one sugar unit
(glucose or fructose)
Disaccharides made up of two sugar units (sucrose
is a glucose and a fructose)
Polysaccharides are polymers made up of more
than two sugar units
Polysaccharides
Structural polysaccharides are used to
support plants
Storage polysaccharides are used to store
energy for later use by the plant
POLYSACCHARIDES
Microbial polysaccharides are used for food, pharmaceutical,
and medical applications: this wide range of usefulness derives
from the great diversity in structural and functional
properties.
Applications
of
commercially
available
microbial
polysaccharides including xanthan, xylinan, gellan, curdlan,
pullulan,
dextran,
scleroglucan,
schizophyllan,
and
cyanobacterial polysaccharides
DEXTRANS
POLLULAN
A GLUCOSE POLYMER (-glucan) with a-1,4 and few a 1,6
70% of glucose is converted to pollulan
Pectin
Pectin is a long chain of pectic acid
and pectinic acid molecules. Because
these acids are sugars, pectin is a
polysaccharide. It is prepared from
citrus peels and the remains of
apples (pomace) after they are
squeezed for juice.
Uses
Pectin is a thickener in many products. If there is
sufficient sugar in the mixture, pectin forms a firm gel.
Jams and jellies are thickened with pectin. Pectin binds
water, and thus keeps products from drying out. It
stabilizes emulsions.
Pectin combines with the calcium and whey proteins of milk,
stabilizing foams and gels made with cream or milk.
In the cigar
substitute for
collectors will
wrapper leaves
In human digestion, pectin passes through the small intestine more or less intact. In the large
intestine and colon, microorganisms degrade pectin and liberate short-chain fatty acids that
have
Pectin
isinfluence
also used
throat
lozenges as a demulcent. In
positive
on healthin(prebiotic
effect)
Preparation of
chitin and
Chitinases
In vertebrates, chitinases are usually part of the digestive tract.
In insects and crustaceans, chitinases are associated with the need
for partial degradation of old cuticle.
Implicated in plant resistance against fungal pathogens because of
their inducible nature and antifungal activities invitro (Chitinase in
fungi is thought to have autolytic, nutritional, and morphogenetic
roles.
In viruses, chitinases are involved in pathogenesis
In bacteria, chitinases play a role in nutrition and parasitism.
In addition to the above potential applications,
chitinases can be used for the production of chitooligosaccharides,
which have been found to function as antibacterial agents, elicitors
of lysozyme inducers, and immunoenhancers
Chitinases can also be used in agriculture to control plant pathogens
PAPAIN
Penggunaan lain sebagai enzim
dalam cairan lensa kontak
Dalam industri makanan, papain
digunakan sebagai pelunak daging
Produknya : Panafil, Papase, dan
Softlens enzymatic Contact Cleaner
BROMELAINS
Bromelains, bromelain, dan bromelin
merupakan campuran protein
pencernaan dan enzim pembekuan
susu yang diperoleh dari jus Nanas
(Ananas comosus) Fam Bromeliaceae.
Terdistribusi juga pada batang
Enzim terdapat pada buah yang
mentah ataupun buah yang matang.
L-Asparaginase
Enzim yang diperoleh dari cultur
Escherichia coli.
Efek antitumor mungkin disebabkan
degradasi oleh enzim L-Asparagin yang
beredar yang menyebabkan kematian sel
yang membutuhkan sumber asam amino
eksogen untuk bertahan hidup.
L-Asparaginase
Efek samping tercatat dapat
menyebabkan reaksi alergi dan
anafilaksis fatal.
Digunakan tunggal atau kombinasi
dengan zat kemoterapi lain seperti
prednison, vincristin.