Stage 4: working stage

Definitions of Group Cohesion

Carron,

Brawley, and Widmeyer (1998) defined cohesion as a dynamic

process that is reflected in the tendency of a group to stick together

and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or
for the satisfaction of member needs

Group cohesion
Nature of group cohesion

Emphasize on sense of belonging, inclusion, solidarity, and an

attractiveness in each of group members.

Involves multiple relationships.

Establishing cohesion in the early stages may be related to the

ability of members to deal with conflict during working stage.

Group leaders play an important role in the development of

cohesion.

It is important to maintain a high level of trust.

How to build group cohesion

Develop group norms.

Make sure team members interact with other members.

Pay attention to conflicts when they arise

Make sure there is room for whole members to give their

opinion and views.

Characteristic of an effective working group

There

is here and now focus.

Members

need to identify their goals and concerns.

Members

are willing to work and practices outside the group.

The

group need to be like an orchestra.

Therapeutic Factors
of a group

1.

Trust and Acceptance

2.

Empathy and Caring

3.

Intimacy

4.

Hope

5.

Freedom to experiment

6.

Catharsis

7.

Cognitive restructuring

8.

Commitment to change

9.

Confrontation

10.

Self disclosure

11.

Benefiting from feedback

Trust and Acceptance

Clients
trust

and the counselor must trust one another

can be shown from the clients attitude of

acceptance
Show

their real color

Empathy and Caring

Understanding
Empathy
Caring

the feeling of others

means caring

is expresses in a group by genuine and active

involvement with other members

Intimacy
Genuine

intimacy develops in group when all the

members

have

revealed

enough

about

themselves.
Members

will no longer feel isolated when they

know that the other members also facing similar

problems.

Hope
Members

must believe that it is possible to make

a change
Greatest

builder of hope

> Challenging their fears and speaking of

their problems honestly

Freedom to experiment
Members
After

are free to try out novel behavior

such experiments, members can decide what

behaviors they want to change.

Role

playing is often an effective way to practice

new skills in interpersonal situations

Catharsis

A catharsis is an emotional release

According

topsychoanalytic theory, this emotional

release is linked to a need to release unconscious

conflicts.

Cognitive restructuring
Groups

offer opportunities to evaluate their

thinking
Cognitive

restructuring is a useful technique for

understanding unhappy feelings and moods

As

such,

you

unnecessary

can

negative

use

it

to

thinking

experience from time to time.

reframe
that

we

the
all

Commitment to change

Members must decide what to change as well as

how to change it.

Participants need to formulate a plan of action,

commit themselves to it.

Confrontation

To examine discrepancies between what one says and

what one does.

The points about effective confrontation :

Confrontation must be based on respect for others.

Learn to distinguish between what may be a judgmental

attack and a caring challenge.

Benefiting from feedback

The definitions of feedback tend to address information about a

person.

Most feedback entails self-disclosure and confrontation

Self disclosure
Someone

disclose about theirself.