Professional Documents
Culture Documents
7.3 (C) Molarity of Acid and Alkali
7.3 (C) Molarity of Acid and Alkali
7.3 (C) Molarity of Acid and Alkali
ALKALI
Objective
Related
alkali.
Solve
Introduction
pH scale
pH
Substance
pH
Lime juice
2.3
Coffee
5.0
Vinegar
2.8
Milk
6.6
Soft Drink
3.0
Eggs
7.8
Orange juice
3.5
Toothpaste
8.0
Banana
4.6
Soap
8.2
pH meter
ALKALI
ACID
Observation:
blue colour red colour
Observation:
red colour blue colour
pH scale:
Litmus
paper
pH scale:
acid
alkali
14
H+
H+ H
H+ H+ H+
H+ H+
+
H+
H+
H+
H+
0.1 M
0.01 M
[H+]
pH
Highest
Higher
Low
Low
Higher
Highest
Acidity
Highest
Higher
Low
0.001 M
0.1 M
+
H
+
OH + HH OH
H+ OH- H+
OH-H+ H+
0.01 M
OH- + H+ H+
H
+
H+ + OHH
H
H+
+
H H+ H+
0.001 M
[H+]
[OH-]
Low
Higher
Highest
Highest
Higher
Low
pH
Alkalinity
Highest
Higher
Low
Highest
Higher
Low
M/[H+]
Increasing pH
pH
pH
scale
M/[H+]
3
acid
neutral
Increasing acidity
pH
10
11
12
alkali
Increasing alkalinity
13 14
CALCULATIONS ON MOLARITY
The molarity of a solution
changes when :
Water is added to it
CALCULATIONS ON
MOLARITY
M1 = Initial molarity
M2 = Final molarity
V1 = Initial volume
V2 = Final volume
M1V1 = M2V2
EXAMPLE 1
Find the volume of distilled water that is added to 100cm3
of hydrochloric acid, 0.5 mole dm-3, to obtain an acid
solution of strength 0.2 mole dm-3.
M1V1 = M2V2
Find final volume
V2 = M1V1
M2
= 0.5 x 100
0.2
= 250 cm3
EXAMPLE 2
Find the resulting molarity of sulphuric acid if
200 cm3 of HCl 2 mole dm-3, is added to 600 cm3
of HCl, 0.5 mole dm-3.
Total number of moles of
HCl
Resulting molarity
= number of moles
volume
= 2.5
800
= 0.003125 mole dm-3
Conclusion
Relationship;
acid;
the higher molarity the lower pH value
because of the higher concentration of H +
(pH , molarity)
bes; the higher molarity the higher pH value
because
of the higher concentration of
OH+ (pH , molarity)
M 1V1 = M 2V 2
M1 = Initial molarity
M2 = Final molarity
V1 = Initial volume
V2 = Final volume