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CONTENTS
Navigation system: Introduction
Navigation system Example
History
GPS
NAVIGATION MODES
APPLICATION OF NAVIGATION

ABOUT
AUTOMOTIVE NAVIGATION
SYSTEM

Automotive: This refers to automation in

Automobiles
Navigation: Positioning & Locating...

System: Combination of all i/p-o/p devices

EXAMPLE: NAVIGATION
SYSTEM
Maptech
Navigator
12 LCD display
Touch screen
GPS navigation
Operational data

NAVIGATION IN AUTOMOBILE
SO FAR.
Introduced in 1977 with electronic compass
In 1995 Mitsubishi Electric introduced an original
route-guidance system in 1995.
Uses a 32-bit RISC processor, achieving the fastest
route-calculating performance
Now Automotive navigation system uses the
GPS(Global Positioning System) system

GPS SYSTEM
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide
radio-navigation system.
provide 24-hour three-dimensional position, velocity,
and time information
The GPS is comprised of three segments
Space Segment: the constellation of satellites
Control Segment: control the satellites
User Segment: users with receivers

Three Segments of the GPS

Space
Segment

User
Segment

Control
Segment

Master Station

Ground
Antennas
Monitor Stations

SPACE SEGMENT

24 GPS space
vehicles(SVs).
Satellites orbit the
earth in 12 hrs.
6 orbital planes
inclined at 55
degrees with the
equator.
This constellation
provides 5 to 8
SVs from any point
on the earth.

CONTROL SEGMENT

USER SEGMENT
It consists of receivers that decode the signals from
the satellites.
The receiver performs following tasks:
oSelecting one or more satellites
oAcquiring GPS signals
oMeasuring and tracking
oRecovering navigation data

USER SEGMENT
There are two services SPS and PPS
SPS - The Standard Positioning Service
PPS - The Precise Position Service

HOW GPS WORKS?

GPS works in 5 Step, steps are as follows...
TRIANGULATION
MEASURING DISTANCE
GETTING PERFECT TIMING
SATELLITES POSITION
DETERMINING A POSITION

GPS TRANSMITTED SIGNAL

Two signals are transmitted on carriers:

L1 = 1575.42 MHz
L2 = 1227.60 MHz
Modulation used is Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum
(code division multiple access - CDMA)

GPS SIGNALS

SPREAD SPECTRUM

Spread Spectrum is used because

- resistance to jamming
- masks the transmissions
- resist multipath effects
- multiple access
All 24 GPS satellites transmit on the same two
frequencies BUT use a different ID sequence

FOUR PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF GPS

Position and coordinates.

The distance and direction between any two
waypoints,
or a position and a waypoint.
Travel progress reports.
Accurate time measurement.

GPS POSITION

By knowing how far one is from three satellites

one can ideally find their 3D coordinates

NAVIGATION MODES

3D Navigation
At least 4 satellites
Computes latitude, longitude,altitude and time
2D Navigation
Less than 4 satellites or fixed altitude is given
DGPS Navigation
Differential corrections are available through
the auxiliary serial port

GPS Navigation Terminology

Active
GOTO
Waypoint

N
(0000)

Active Course Made Good

From (CMG)
Waypoin
t

W ist
ay an
po ce
in t
t o

ve
i
t
g
Ac
n
g
i
r
Le
a
0
N (0
Be 0 )
)
(X

E
XT I)
(CD

Desired
Track (DTK)
(x)
(CMG) (x)

Present
Location

e
v
O
d
e
e nd
p
S ou
Gr OG)
(S

Tracking (TRK)
(x)

Whats a Car Navigation

System

GPS satellite

GPS
Receiver

System BUS
SDRAM
Flash ROM

TFT display

CPU
Graphic
Rendere
r
SDRAM

User Interface

Decorder

Touch
panel

Audio LSI

Remote
controller

Speaker

Main Unit

CD or DVD Drive

Data Disc
KIWI-W consortium

WAYPOINT

A waypoint is starting or end point

Either a saved position fix or user entered

It can be created for any remote point on

earth.

Unchanged until edit by user

GPS Navigation: On the

Ground
N
Bearing =
650 COG =
50 XTE =
1/2 mi.

Bearing =
780 COG =
3500 XTE =
1/3 mi.

Location Where
GOTO Was
Executed

e
v
i
t
c
A

g
e
L

Active
GOTO
Waypoint

Bearing =
400 COG =
1040 XTE =
1/4 mi.
Course Over Ground
Bearing
(COG) =
Cross
Track Error (XTE) =
=

Planning a Navigation Route

Sta

=
Waypoints

APPLICATION OF NAVIGATION
Car Navigation
Dynamic Vehicle Routing
Tracking Rental Cars
Monitoring High Risk Auto Loans
Airline safety