Computer Integrated

Manufacturing

Introduction

focus on the word Integrated not on the word

computer

Formal Definition
The integration of business, engineering,
manufacturing and management information that
spans company functions from marketing to
product distribution. Harrington
Originally, to integrate what had already been
computerized.
Shop floor processes
Manufacturing engineering planning of those
processes
Production planning and control of both the shop
floor and the materials used.

Synonyms
CIE - computer integrated enterprise
CIME
computer
integrated
manufacturing enterprise
CIM means many different things to
many different people.

CASA/SME CIM Wheel

From CASA/SME

CASA/SME CIM wheel is a good

overview of CIM
Revised version (quality no longer
separate)
No hierarchy
Which are aided by CIM?

CASA/SME CIM Wheel

(background)
1985 - The Computer and Automated Systems
Association of the Society of Manufacturing
Engineers (CASA/SME) published its vision of
enterprise-wide teaming--the CIM Enterprise Wheel
1992 - New Manufacturing Enterprise Wheel. This
updated vision preserves the understanding gained
from the previous CIM Enterprise Wheel. The old
Wheel looked primarily at automation and
integration inside the enterprise. The new Wheel
looks outside as well. It adds understanding in
these six areas:

CASA/SME CIM Wheel

(background)

The central role of a customer-oriented mission and vision to strive for continuous
improvement.

The importance of teams and human networking in the new manufacturing environment.

The continuing importance of computer tools, now increasingly distributed and

networked. This includes tools to support networking and concurrent engineering.

A focus on key processes and best practices throughout the enterprise, from marketing
through design, manufacturing, and customer support.

Recognition of the move away from bureaucratic structures, to leaner and more agile
organizations.

The need to integrate an understanding of the external environment, including

customers, competitors, suppliers, and the global manufacturing infrastructure.

Wheel - Six Elements

The new Manufacturing Enterprise
Wheel describes six fundamental
elements
for
competitive
manufacturing:
The central role of the customer and evolving customer needs.
The role of people and teamwork in the organization.
The revolutionary impact of shared knowledge and systems to
support people and processes.
Key processes from product definition through manufacturing
and customer support.
Enterprise resources (inputs) and responsibilities (outputs).

Wheel - customer centered

A customer-centered mission provides
a clear direction to align activities and
empowers the work of teams in the
new
manufacturing
enterprise.

Wheel - people
The central role of people in the
organization forms the inner circle of
the Wheel. The enterprise is only as
strong as its people, organization,
and culture.

Wheel-Shared Knowledge and

Systems

Wheel - Processes

Wheel - 15 Processes
PRODUCT/PROCESS DEFINITION

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

1) Business Definition

11) Global Organization

2) System Design

12) Distribution

3) Component Design

13) Sales and Promotion

4) Continuous Improvement

14) Customer Services

5) Documentation and Release

15) Life-Cycle Transitions

MANUFACTURING (/Service)
6) Resource Planning
7) Operations Planning
8) Component Fabrication
9) Assembly and Test
10) Material Management

Wheel - Concurrent
Engineering

Wheel - Virtual Enterprise

Wheel - Virtual Enterprise

Product/Process Definition

Manufacturing

Customer Support

1 Business Definition

6 Resource Planning

11 Global Organization

2 System Design

7 Operations Planning

12 Distribution

3 Component Design

8 Component Fabrication 13 Sales and Promotion

4 Continuous Improvement

9 Assembly and Test

5 Documentation and Release 10 Material Management

14 Customer Services
15 Life-Cycle Transitions

how well, not who

performs each of the activities of the processes

Wheel - Resources

Wheel - Manufacturing
Infrastructure
Infrastructure separates top manufacturing regions and
countries from others.
Workforce
Investment
Transportation
Communication
Suppliers
Schools
Research
Government Support

Wheel

Mfg Buzzword Bingo

the CIM Jigsaw - whats

missing?
Integration

Computing
Systems

Software
(CAD, etc.)

Manufacturing
CAM

Activity

Info and Data

and
Networks

Implementation

Protocols
and
Standards

Why CIM?
Because It Is Cool - NO!
Because Everyone Else Is -No!
CIM Is Not An End, It Is The Means To
An End
Must Be Linked To Strategy!

Why CIM - to meet competitive

pressures
To reduce lead times
To reduce costs
To reduce inventory (or need for)

Why CIM - to coordinate and

organize data
Functional - about organization (still
important)
Product - about parts
Operational - plan or instructions
Performance - reporting on performance

Why CIM - others

To eliminate paper
Automate communication
Simultaneous engineering (IPD)
Because it is possible?

What is Integrated?
Parts indistinguishable?
No, seamlessly linked is what we
mean

Integration - linked

EDI - Electronic Data

Interchange
EDI : Electronic Data Interchange (1) The subject of electronic data exchange and sharing generally, or
(2) Electronic data and/or document interchange format (X12), particularly in a
purchasing context.

EDIF : Electronic Data Interchange Format

A neutral file specification for the transfer of electronic CAD/CAM data.

EDIFACT : Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce & Trade

A standard for commercial transactions between (differing) computer systems
of different commercial organizations.
Although we often talk of EDI applied to exchange of technical information it is properly used to
describe commercial transactions such as the passing of invoices. Standards for EDI exist and
are widely used. UN EDIFACT is becoming the accepted standard for this type of transaction.
When technical information is exchanged between computer systems (see the item on
datasheets), this is really a sub-set of technical data sharing. In these circumstances we should
use the term technical EDI, or TEDI.

Islands of Automation

Local optimization

MAP/TOP/STEP
Only 15% of over 40,000 systems can communicate
Cost of communication is 50% of total
Wiring costs occur when new systems are installed or retooled
Custom software is needed to interface two processes
Programmable equipment increasing rapidly
Single largest roadblock to future automation of plants

MAP

Based on Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)

Seven layer broadband token-bus communication spec
MAP and TOP always connected, differ in applications
GM has 8 plants running MAP with 25 (1990 )
GM installing MAP as they overhaul plant
Tests on Ethernet
Lotus 1-2-3 "Factory" has MAP protocols

TOP

Exchange of info in electronic mail,

Word processing,
File transfer,
Graphics,
Database management,
Business analysis tools

TOP objectives

Allow the interconnection of multiple office local-area networks (LANs),

which could be connected to wide-area networks (WANs) and digital
private-branch exchanges (PBXs) for long-distance communications
Specify existing or emerging international and industry standards
Make possible an office communications network in which equipment from
multiple suppliers can be used
Facilitate free and easy data access and the interchange of data by equipment
from different suppliers
Lower office systems costs by reducing the need for multiple cables and
customized networking software
Improve the flexibility and adaptability of production systems to meet
changing demands
Shorten the lead time for designing and implementing integrated office
systems