Router Components

Router Components
Table of Contents

Back panel of router

Router Booting Sequence.
Router Modes of operation.

ROUTER
BACKPANEL
USED TO CONVERT

ATTACHMENT UNIT INTERFACE

63-PINS.

ETHERNET PORT (RJ-45)

SERIAL PORT TO RJ- BRI PORT (RJ-45)

45 TO CONNECT
SWITCH OR PCS
AUI PORT

Serial Port

TRANSCEIVER

RJ-45

RJ-45

CONSOLE PORT (RJ-45)

AUXILLIARY PORT

RJ-45

RJ-45

Power
cord

ON/OFF SW
RJ-45
USED TO
USED TO CONNECT
CONNECT
THE
THE ISDN
ROUTER TO PCS
63-PINS USED TO
CONNECT
SWITCH USED TOCOM
PORT THE SWITCH
CONNECT THE ROUTERS OR PCS
BACK -BACK

Router booting sequence

Internal diagram of router.

RAM
Console
Auxiliary

NVRAM Flash
Interfaces

ROM

RAM Specifics
As the router is booted, the following
is loaded into RAMs Working Storage.

Command
Executive

Internetwork
Operating
System
NVRAM (IOS)
Flash
ROM

RAM

RAM

Console
Interfaces
Active
Auxiliary

Programs

Config
File

Tables

Buffers

RAM Specifics
Programs include the bootstrap program that
tests the equipment (POST)
and locates the IOS.

RAM

Programs

RAM Specifics
Once the IOS is located by the bootstrap program,
it is loaded in to RAM.

Internetwork
Operating
System
(IOS)

RAM

Programs

RAM Specifics
Part of the IOS is the Command EXEC. This is the
program that translates the commands you type
into a language that the IOS can understand.

Command
Executive

Internetwork
Operating
System
(IOS)

RAM

Programs

RAM Specifics
Once the IOS is initialized, it looks for an active
configurations file (usually in NVRAM) and loads it.
This file tells the router specifically what to do.

Command
Executive

Internetwork
Operating
System
(IOS)

RAM

Programs

Active
Config
File

RAM Specifics
The tables are loaded from the configuration file
including...
ARP Tables
Routing Tables
Command
Executive

Internetwork
Operating
System
(IOS)

RAM

Programs

Active
Config
File

Tables

RAM Specifics
Finally, all leftover memory in RAM is used as the
buffer for processing incoming and outgoing
packets.

Command
Executive

Internetwork
Operating
System
(IOS)

RAM

Programs

Active
Config
File

Tables

Buffers

Router Modes

Router modes of operation

ROUTER BOOT UP PROCESS

SETUP MODE PROMTED DIALOG

BOX TO ENTER THE CONFIGURATIO

PRIVILEDGE MODE
TESTING & TROUBLESHOOTING OF
ROUTER & REMOTE ACCESS.
ROUTER#

USER MODE
ENABLES USER TO LOGIN
ROUTER>

GLOBAL CONFIGURATION MODE

MAJOR COMMANDS RUN FROM HERE
ROUTER(CONFIG)#

Verification of router
components.

Router#show interfaces
Router#show version

Router#show flash

RAM

NVRAM

Flash

Internetwork Operating System

Router#show processes CPU

Router#show protocols

Tables
and
Buffers

Interfaces

Active
Programs Configuration
File

Backup
Operating
Configuration
Systems
File

Router#show mem
Router#show stacks
Router#show buffers

Router#show running-config
Router#write term

Router#show startup-config
Router#show config

Show Commands Defined

show version -- displays the configuration of the system

hardware, the software version, the names and sources of
configuration files, and the boot image

show startup-config (show config on Cisco IOS 10.3 or

earlier) -- displays the backup configuration file

show flash -- shows information about the Flash memory

device

show interfaces -- displays statistics for all interfaces

configured on the router

show processes -- displays information about the active

processes

show protocols -- displays the configured protocols; shows

the status of all configured Layer 3 protocols

Show Commands Defined

show

running-config (write term on

Cisco IOS 10.3 or earlier) -- displays the
active configuration file

show

memory -- shows statistics about the

router's memory, including memory free
pool statistics

show

stacks -- monitors the stack use of

processes and interrupt routines and
displays the reason for the last system
reboot

show

buffers -- provides statistics for the

buffer pools on the router