Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Electic & Electro
Electic & Electro
Electricity
Ohm's Law
Electric Power
Magnets
Magnetic Field
Oersted's Experiment
Electromagnets
Magnetic Force on a Current
Electric Motors
Electromagnetic Induction
Transformers
1. Positive and
Negative Charge
Opposites attract-Same charges
repel
Lets try it!
2. What is Charge?
Atoms are composed of protons (+), electrons (-)
and neutrons. The nucleus contains the protons
and neutrons and the electrons surround the
nucleus.
What is Charge?
Protons are much larger than electrons but have
an equal and opposite charge.
The coulomb (C) is the unit of electric charge.
The basic quantity of electric charge (e) is 1.6 x 10-19 C.
3. Coulombs Law
Q1 Q2
F = K ------R2
Charles Coulomb
(1736-1806)
4. Force on an Uncharged
Particle
Initially the paper is uncharged, but the
comb polarizes the charges in the paper.
5. Matter in Bulk
Coulomb's law resembles the law of gravity; however,
gravitational forces are always attractive, whereas electric
forces may be attractive or repulsive.
-------
Coulombs Law
Q1 Q2
F=K
------R2
Law of Gravity
M1 M 2
F=G
R2
Semiconductors
Transistors are switches that conduct
electricity only when a second source of
electricity is energized.
John Bardeen
Nobel Prizes in 1956
and 1972 for
developing the
transistor and
superconductivity.
What a
Transistor
looks like.
C
A current will not flow from A to B unless C is energized.
7. Superconductivity
Superconductivity
refers to the loss of all
electrical resistance by
certain materials at very
low temperatures.
Substances that are
superconducting at
150K are now known
which is warmer than
liquid nitrogen (77K).
8. The Ampere
The Ampere is a measure of how
much electrical current is flowing
and is measured in units of amps.
Q
I = ---t
The Ampere
The current varies depending on the force behind
the current and the resistance to flow.
9. Potential Difference
Potential difference, or voltage, is
the electrical potential energy per
coulomb of charge.
Alessandro Volta
(1745-1827)
J
V = ---C
V
I = ---R
Resistance is a
measure of
opposition to the
flow of charge
and is measured
in ohms ()
symbols
P= IV
Electric Power
Typical Power Ratings
Appliance
Stove
Clothes Dryer
Heater
Dishwasher
Photocopier
Iron
Vacuum Cleaner
Coffee Maker
Refrigerator
Portable Sander
Fan
Personal Computer
TV Receiver
Fax Transmitter/Receiver
Charger for Electric Toothbrush
Power (W)
12,000
5,000
2,000
1,600
1,400
1,000
750
700
400
200
150
150
120
65
1
12. Magnets
Every magnet has a north pole
and a south pole.
14. Oersteds
Experiment
Hans
Christian
Oersted
(1777-1851)
Oersteds Experiment
According to the right-hand rule, the electron current
in a wire and the magnetic field it generates are
perpendicular to each other.
Oersteds Experiment
All magnetic fields originate from moving electric
charges. A magnetic field appears only when relative
motion is present between an electric charge and an
observer. Electric and magnetic fields are different
aspects of a single electromagnetic field.
15. Electromagnets
An electromagnet consists of an iron core placed
inside a wire coil. The magnetic field strength of a
wire coil carrying an electric current increases in
direct proportion to the number of turns of the coil.
Electromagnets
An electromagnet can
be used to move large
quantities of metal.
When the current is on
the magnet will pick up
the metal. When you
want to drop it you turn
off the power and the
electromagnet is
disabled and the metal
drops.
The experimental
Japanese Maglev train
uses magnetic forces
for both support and
propulsion.
How a TV works.
19. Transformers
A transformer is a device composed of two unconnected
coils, usually wrapped around a soft iron core, that can
increase or decrease the voltage of ac current.
Transformers
A transformer is used to step the voltage
down and the power up (P=IV) so that we
can use it. Low power is desired for the
transport of electricity long distances to
avoid loss of energy to heat loss.
A moving coil
activated by voice
vibrations is used
as a microphone.
The coil induces a
current in the
magnet that can be
amplified or
recorded.
Transformers
A taperecorder records signals from a microphone on
magnetic tape which then can be run across a magnet and
played back.