ENGINEERING

METARIALS
&
ALLOYS

Engineering Materials
&
Alloys
Organised

By:-

N.K Parmar
Vinod sutariya
Rakesh Pati
Sikhar Chaudhary

Presented By:PG/PDTDCC
FEB-2015

Engineering Materials
The Materials which are used in
engineering application & have
specific properties
Engineering materials deals under
the materials science & Technology

Alloys
Alloys are the combination of two metals or
more than two metals.
Alloys have different characteristics other
than parent metals from they are produced.
Alloys can be ferrous and non ferrous
E.g:-Brass , Bronze , H.S.S etc

Classification
of
Materials

Engineering
Materials
Metals
Ferrous

Non Metals

Non Ferrous

Plastics

Steel

Copper & Alloys

Rubber

Cast iron

Aluminium

Resin

Pig iron

Zinc

Wrought iron

Tin
Lead

Metal

Metal is an element, compound

or alloy which is extracted
from earth crust.
metals general properties:Hardness , thermal conductivity,
Strength,maleability,rigidity,machi
nability,weldability

Ferrous metals(Fe)
The latin word of iron is ferrum.
Metals which contain iron as a
main constituient.
These materials are used in
large amount in mechanical
industries.

Pig Iron
Pig iron is the first product in the
process of converting iron into useful
metal.
Pig Iron is produced in Blast furnace
Main composition are
(c-3 to 4%)
Si(1 to 3%)
S(<1 %)
Mn(0.1 to1%)
P(0.3 to1.7%)

Cast Iron

It is extract from pig Iron

Main composition
C(2.5-3.8%),Si(1.1-2.8%),Mn(0.41.0%),P(0.15%),S(0.40%)
It further divided in other form

Types of cast iron

Grey Cast Iron
White cast iron
Malleable cast iron

Types of cast iron

Grey Cast Iron is named after its grey fractured
surface, which occurs because the graphitic
flakes deflect a passing crack and initiate
countless new cracks as the material breaks.
White Cast Iron is named after its white surface
when fractured, due to its carbide impurities
which allow cracks to pass straight through.
Malleable Cast Iron is form of cast iron which
can be hammered and rolled to obtain different
shapes

Wrought Iron
Wrought Iron is mechanical
mixture of very pure iron
Wrought Iron is never cast .
all shaping are done by the help
of hammering pressing and
forging
It has good tensile strength
and fatigue strength
Widely used in building
construction ,industrial
work
rail road etc.

Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
Carbon steels can be classified as
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
High speed carbon steel

Steel
Low carbon steel
Carbon containing 0.15 to 0.30 %
Applications
Valves
Gears
Crankshafts
Connecting rods
Railway axels
Small forgings etc.

MEDIUM CARBON STEELS

Carbon contains from 0.30 to 0.70%
Applications

Gear shafts
Spring Clips
Wires and rods
Axles
Levers

HIGH CARBON STEEL

Carbon contains from 0.70 to 1.50%
Applications
Punches and Dies
Clutch discs
Leaf springs
Railway springs
Machine tools

High Speed Steel

IT is subset of tool steel commonly
used in tool bits and cutting tools
Composition:- w-18%,Cr-4%,Vn-1%
Characteristics:Good tensile strength as well as
compressive strength
Good wear Resistance
High machinability
Good toughness
High corrosion resistance
Application:All type of cutting tools

Non ferrous metals

Non ferrous metal are the all
metals which not contain iron
as a main constituent.
These materials also used
widely in mechanical
industries.

Non-ferrous metals
Copper
Aluminium
Zinc
Tin
Mg

Copper & Alloys

Copper Latin cuprum (Cu)
good heat and electrical
conductivity
resistance to corrosion
Non magnetic properties
Very good machinability
Alloys: brass, bronze,
cupro- nickel (copper nickel) alloys

Aluminium
Aluminium Al
Widely available in earth crust
It is very light metal
Density is about 1/3 of steel
Good conductor of electricity &heat
Ductile
Non magnetic
Application:Automobiles
Aerospace
Transportation
Heat exchanger

Zinc

Zinc (Zn)
Bluish white
Corrosion resistant in air due to a thin oxide film
forming on its surface
Used as a coating for protecting steel galvanization (or galvanization) is the process of
applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron,
in order to prevent rusting
Application:Die casting
Stamping
Making deffrent alloy

Tin
Tin Latin stannum (Sn), atomic
number 50
white, lustrous, soft, malleable,
ductile, resistant to corrosion
used as coating for steel and sheet
iron
white metal tin based alloy with
amounts of lead, copper and
antimony lining material

Non-Metals
Non-Metals are poor conductors of
heat and electricity when compared
to metals.
Usually have lower densities than
metals.
They have significantly lower melting
points and boiling points than metals.
Brittle, non-ductile, dull (do not posses
metallic luster)

Non-Metals
Rubber
Plastics

Thermosetting plastic
Thermoplastic

Resin

Plastic

It is a material consisting of synthetics and

semi synthetic organics

Immune to corrosion
Insulator
Unsuitable for higher temperatures
To improve their properties additives are
given

Thermoplastic
Thermoplastic, also known as a thermosoftening
plastic is a polymer that turns to a liquid when
heated and freezes to a very glassy state when
cooled sufficiently.
Thermoplastic can be reused
These plastics can be soften by heating & hardened by cooling.
They are Soft.
These Plastics can be reshaped.
Scrap can be reused.
Used for Toys, Pipes, Valves, Packaging etc.
E.g:- PE, PP, PVC

Thermosetting plastic
. These plastics can be hardened only
once, they cannot be soften on second
time heating
They are Hard.
These Plastics cannot be reshaped.
Scrap cannot be reused.
Used for TV & Radio cabinets, camera
bodies, Electrical items like Plug, Circuit
etc.
vi. PF, UF are example

Rubber
Rough, elastic material
Unaffected by water
Attacked by oil and steam
Usage: gaskets, flexible couplings,
vibration mount

Resins
Resin thermosetting plastic
usage: chocking materials

Ceramics

Ceramic materials are rock or clay mineral

materials
Ceramics materials contains compounds of
metallic and non metallic elements
Certain materials are:Sand
Brick
Glass
Cement
Tungsten carbide
Concrete

Important Characteristics of
Ceramics
Brittleness
High Hardness
Abrasiveness
Resistance to high tempretures
Corrosion resistance
Application:-

References
Material science & technology by
Material science and engineering by
Wikipedia

 Any query

 Thank you