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TCPIP Suite Error and Control Messages - JP
TCPIP Suite Error and Control Messages - JP
TCPIP Suite Error and Control Messages - JP
Chapter 8
Some of the conditions that must be met in order for host to host
communication over an internetwork is:
a default gateway must be properly configured on the hosts and
local network
intermediary devices, such as routers, must be present on the
network and have knowledge of how to reach the destination
network.
the IP addresses of hosts must be in the same network or subnet
as their respective gateway devices.
Perrine. J
05/27/15
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Cisco 2 - Routers
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Test Reachability
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Echo Message
All ICMP messages format start with these fields:
type
code
checksum
For ICMP echo request & echo reply, there are two unique fields:
identifier
sequence
These two fields are used to match the echo request with the echo
reply.
Perrine. J
05/27/15
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Cisco 2 - Routers
Chapter 8
Unreachable Message
If a packet can not reach its destination, then ICMP sends a destination
unreachable message. The code value in the ICMP datagram is 0.
Other reasons for destination unreachable are:
packet fragmentation from Token Ring to Ethernet
FTP or Web services are unavailable
Some examples of code values:
0 = net unreachable
1 = host unreachable
2 = protocol unreachable
3 = port unreachable
Perrine. J
05/27/15
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Cisco 2 - Routers
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Control Messages
Redirect/Change Request
Redirect/Change request can only be initiated by a gateway. The gateway
is the ethernet port address that a host uses to get to the network.
In some cases the host has a hard coded gateway.
RouterA
RouterB
MacintoshSE
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Chapter 8
Control Messages
Redirect/Change Request
To disable redirect messages on a router interface, do:
RouterA(config-if)# no ip redirects
Perrine. J
05/27/15
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Cisco 2 - Routers
Chapter 8
Control Messages
ICMP Time Stamp
The TCP/IP protocol suite allows systems to connect over vast distances.
Each individual networks might provide its own synchronization. If host
are using software that requires time synchronization can cause troubles.
ICMP timestamp request can be used. There is a timestamp request &
reply.
This ICMP message contain the originate, receive and transmit
timestamps to calculate the correct timing. This is used to request the
current time of the remote host, and gather information needed to estimate
the transit time across the network.
However, the Network Time Protocol (NTP) at the upper layers of the
TCP/IP is a more reliable manner.
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05/27/15
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Control Message
Request & Reply
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Control Message
Address Mask Request
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