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Biochemistry Introduction
Biochemistry Introduction
LAGUARDIA
Teacher-in-Charge
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BIOCHEMISTRY
the study of the chemical composition
of living matter
3. BIOCHEMISTRY- collections of
inanimate molecules interact with
each other to constitute, maintain,
and perpetuate the living state.
governed by set of principles
called the molecular logic of the
living state.
Complete Definition of LIFE in
Molecular Terms
Molecular Biology- Biochemistry-
study of nucleic structure,
acids structure and organization,
function and the
genetic aspects of and functions of
biochemistry. living matter in
molecular terms.
MOLECULAR LOGIC OF
LIFE
1. All living organisms have the
same kinds of monomeric
subunits.
2. There are underlying patterns
in the structure of
biological macromolecules.
3. The identity of each organism
is preserved by its possession of
distinctive sets of nucleic acids
and of proteins.
Two most powerful research
techniques used by
biochemists:
x-ray diffraction
electron
Precise 3-dimensional
microscopy- structures of huge biological
molecules.
remarkable
details of cellular
structure.
USES OF
BIOCHEMISTRY
He postulated that the 1st living cell arose spontaneously from this
warm, concentrated solution of organic compounds.
ORIGIN OF
BIOMOLECULES
J.B.S. Haldane in England
independently put forward
the same view of Oparin.
ORIGIN OF
BIOMOLECULES
Stanley Miller
(in 1953) carried out experiments on the abiotic origin
of organic molecules.
1. CO 1. Glycine
2. CO2 2. alanine α -amino acids
3. N2 3. aspartic acid
4. glutamic acid
5. formic acid
6. acetic acid
7. propionic acid organic acids
8. lactic acid
9. succinic acid
Chemical Reactions in
Spark Discharges:
1. CH4 + NH3 HCN + 3 H2
a-The term ploidy refers to the number of copies of the genetic information carried by each cell. Haploid cells have one copy, diploid cells two,
polyploid cells more than two.
b- In mitosis the diploid state is retained by chromosome duplication. This occurs in most somatic, or "body," cells of organisms. In the gametes (cells
that lead to sperm or ova) there is a somewhat different process called meiosis, which leads to a haploid state
Subcellular fractionation of Tissue.
A tissue such as liver is first mechanically
homogenized to break cells and disperse
their contents in an aqueous buffer. The
sucrose medium has an osmotic pressure
similar to that in organelles, thus preventing
diffusion of water into the organelles, which
would swell and burst.