Hydraulic Jump as an application of

Momentum Equation

Lab Jump in Flume (Right to

Left)

Hydraulic Jump in a Sink?

http://www.eng.vt.edu/fluids/msc/gallery/waves/sink.htm

Hydraulic Jumps
Occurs when there is a sudden transition
from supercritical (y < yc) to subcritical (y >
yc) flow.
Examples of where this may occur are :
At the foot of a spillway
Where a channel slope suddenly turns flat.

 In analyzing hydraulic jumps we assume

there is conservation of momentum, i.e. :
y12 q 2
y 22 q 2

2 gy1 2 gy 2
We can algebraically manipulate this to find:

y2 1

1 8F12 1
y1 2
y1 1

1 8F22 1
y2 2

 y1 is known as the initial depth and is < y c

(supercritical flow).
y2 is known as the sequent depth and is > y c
(subcritical flow).
The energy loss in a hydraulic jump can be
found by:
E1

y 2 y1

4 y1 y 2

y1
y1

y2

2
2

2V1 y1

Example
Example 3.18, Streeter, et al.
If 12 m3/sec of water per meter of width flows down a
spillway onto a horizontal floor and the velocity is 20
m/sec, determine (a) the downstream depth required to
cause a hydraulic jump, (b) the loss in energy head, and
(c) the losses in power by the jump per meter of width.

2(20 2 )(0.6)
6.7 m
9.806
(6.7 0.6) 3
losses
14.1mN / N
4(0.6)(6.7)
0.3 0.32

power / m Q(losses ) (9806 N / m3 )(12m3 / sec)(14.1m) 1659kW