Brayton

Cycle
KOMPRESSOR

How Does it Work?

Cont.
Exhaus
t Gas

Ambient
Air In
Shaft

Compressor
Inlet

Turbine Exit

KOMPRESSOR

KOMPRESSOR
Alat yang dipakai untuk
menaikkan tekanan udara
dengan cara memampatkan
volumenya.
Dilihat dari cara kerjanya,
ada beberapa tipe
kompressor:
1. Kompressor torak
a. kerja tunggal
b. kerja ganda
2. Kompressor Rotary

Tipe kompressor

dynamic
compressor

ejector

centrifugalturbo

displacement
compressor

axial-turbo

reciprocating

rotary

double-rotor

single-rotor

trunk
vane

liquid
ring

helical

screw

rotary
blower

crosshead

freepiston

labyrinth

diaphragm

What is compressed air?

grid system

Compressed air is ...

Power station

... compressed atmospheric

air
... a mixture of gases
... compressible
... an energy carrier
Proportional relationship
between
pressure, temperature und
volume:

air main
Air centre
user
air treatment

still valid:

user

transformer

Physical laws
COMPRESSED AIR is atmospheric air under
pressure.
That means energy is stored in the air.
When the compressed air expands again
this energy is released as WORK.

Components of air
oxygen
21%

other gasses
1%

78%
nitrogen

Atmospheric pressure...
...is generated by the
weight of the atmosphere.
It is dependent on the
DENSITY of the air and the
height:
The normal
atmospheric
pressure at sea level
is 1.013 bar (760
mmHg (Torr))

Tekanan

Pressure (p) =

1 Pascal (Pa) =

Area (A)

1 Newton (N)
1 m (A)

1N

A = 1 m2

Force (F)

Equivalents
105 Pa

1 bar

1 MPa

10 bar

1 hPa

0,001 bar

Gauge pressure
1 bar
= 14,5 psi(g)
1 bar

10197 mmWC

1 bar

750,062 Torr

Simbol
simbol
Some graphical symbols
for pneumatic
systems ( ISO 1219):

Compressor

Safety
valve

Double-acting
cylinder

Pressure
measurement
- pressure
gauge

Silencer

Temperature
measurement
- thermometer

Cooler

Filter or strainer

for logical circuits:

AND
function

NOT function

OR
function

TURBO KOMPRESSOR

INTERCOOLER

ROTARY

Kompresor rotary mempunyai rotor dalam satu

tempat dengan piston dan memberikan pengeluaran
kontinyu bebas denyutan. Kompresor beroperasi
pada kecepatan tinggi dan umumnya menghasilkan
hasil keluaran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan
kompresor reciprocating. Biaya investasinya rendah,
bentuknya kompak, ringan dan mudah perawatannya,
sehingga kompresor ini sangat popular di industri.
Biasanya digunakan dengan ukuran 30 sampai 200 hp
atau 22 sampai 150 kW.
Jenis dari kompresor putar adalah:
Kompresor lobe (roots blower )
Kompresor ulir
Jenis baling-baling putar/baling-baling luncur, ring cairan dan jenis
gulungan.

ROTOR

SCREW KOMPRESSOR

Advantages of CompAir screw compressors

Compressed air generation with two rotating
screws

symmetrical
profile
asymmetric
profile

The world renowned

Keuntungan screw compressor

Advantages of CompAir screw compressors

Fluid injection
First task:

heat transfer, discharge temperature

approximately 75 - 80 oC

Second task:

lubrication of bearings

Third task:

sealing the gap between rotors and

casing, prevention of metallic contact
absorbing dust,
sulphur, etc.

Fourth task

FAMILY SCREW COMPRESSOR

SCREW KOMPRESSOR
compressed
air

Construction:
cooled
fluid

fluid
filter

hot fluid

fluid-air
mixture

KOMPRESSOR BOLAK BALIK SATU TINGKAT

(IDEAL)
Salah satu jenis kompressor bolak balik
yang sederhana adalah adalah
kompressor dengan seluruh
kompressinya berlangsung dalam satu
selinder yang biasa disebut dengan
kompressor satu satu tingkat.
Dalam hal kompressor ideal diasumsikan
bahwa:
1. Tidak ada kerugian tekanan pada katup
masuk dan katup buang
2. Tekanan pada langkah isap dan langkah
buang adalah konstan
3. Kompressor tidak mempunyai ruang rugi
4. Seluruh proses kompressi berlangsung
pada satu selinder

KOMPRESSOR TORAK

Reciprocating
compressors
single / two stage

Note the
difference:

- single / two stage

- single acting / double acting

Installation:

- portable
- stationary

Application:
(single stage)

- trade 10 bar
- boosters 35 bar

Reciprocating compressors
two stage

Applications: trade, up to 15 bar

high pressure, up to 35 bar

intercooling

8 bar

Upper piston
clearance
(dead space)

1 bar absolute

top dead
centre

KOMPRESSOR TORAK

Double-acting
with crosshead

Application:
High pressure, up to 1000 bar
in combination with screw compressors.
Compression of gas

Kompresor

Kenisme kerja kompresor

Multi stage kompresor

Kompresor

Multi stage kompresor

KOMPRESSOR TORAK KERJA GANDA

Kompresor AC

Kondensor

Prinsip kerja AC

Blower

Fasa cair

Evaporator
Fasa gas

Compresor
Udara dingin

KOMPRESSOR
CENTRIFUGAL

KOMPRESSOR
ROTARY

Centrifugal Blower

Kapasitas debit sedang dan tekanan rendah

Centrifugal Blower

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

DISPLACEMENT BLOWER

Centrifugal Compressor
Operation

Centrifugal compressors rotate ambient air about an

impeller. The impeller blades guide the airflow toward the
outer perimeter of the compressor assembly. The air
velocity is then increased as the rotational speed of the
impeller increases.

Major Components of
Interest
Compressor
Axial
Centrifugal
Axial Compressor

Centrifugal
Compressor

Example of Combination
Flow
Centrifugal
Compress
or
Intake Air
Flow

Axial
Compressor

Intake air flow is forced down the

center shaft initially by axially
compressor stages, and then forced
against engine perimeter by the
centrifugal compressor.

Example of Axial Flow

Multistage
Axial
Compress
or
Center
Shaft

Intake airflow is forced down the center

shaft of the engine.