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Lecture 4-Material and Machine Safety
Lecture 4-Material and Machine Safety
Machine Safety
Joe Nail
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Introduction
Handling Materials Safely
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Causes of Injuries
25% of all injuries are related to material
handling.
80% are to the lower back.
Incorrect lifting causes most injuries.
Incorrect use of equipment.
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Carelessness
Be aware of your environment.
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moving room
Check for projecting objects, wear gloves.
Are materials secure?
Are chemicals to be moved?
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probably is.
When working with others,
communication is critical.
Your back should be kept straight when
you carry objects.
Special lifting tools should be sought out
and used for large objects.
Protect yourself when handling things.
Industrial Safety Lecture Four
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Examples
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source.
Electric Motors
Internal Combustion Engine
Gasoline
Diesel
LP Liquefied Petroleum
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Straddle Truck
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changes.
Most trucks are rear steer.
Most trucks have no suspension system.
It is NOT safe to alter the lift trucks
counterweight!
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Data plate.
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1910.178 (l)
1915.120 (a)
1917.1 (a)(2)(xiv)
1918.1 (b)(10)
1926.602 (d)
Disclaimer
This
Acknowledgment
OSHAs Office
Appearance
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Powered Industrial
Truck - Definition
A mobile,
Scope of Standard
The
1992
95
89
1993
114
1994
1995
1996
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Under 20
3%
20 - 24
25 - 34
10%
35 - 44
45 - 54
56 - 64
65 & over
22%
27%
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Related Fatalities by Selected Characteristics, 1996.
Background
The
Background (continued)
American
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Background (continued)
OSHA published
Final Rule
OSHA published
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Performance-Oriented
Requirements
The
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Operator Training
Safe
operations
Training Program
Implementation
Trainees
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Training Program
Implementation (continued)
Training
and
evaluation shall be
conducted by a person
with the knowledge,
training and
experience to train
powered industrial
truck operators and
evaluate their
competence.
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Truck-related topics
Operating instructions,
warnings and precautions
Differences from
automobile
Controls and
instrumentation
Engine or motor operation
Steering and maneuvering
Visibility
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Workplace-related topics
Surface conditions
Composition and stability
of loads
Load manipulation,
stacking, unstacking
Pedestrian traffic
Narrow aisles and
restricted areas
Operating in hazardous
(classified) locations
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Unsafe operation
Accident or near-miss
Evaluation indicates need
Different type of equipment introduced
Workplace condition changes
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Avoidance of Duplicative
Training
If
Certification
The
Name of operator
Date of training
Date of evaluation
Identity of person(s) performing the training
or evaluation
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Dates
The
Before December 1,
1999
After December 1, 1999
non-mandatory
guidance to assist employers in
implementing the standard.
This appendix does not add to, alter, or
reduce the requirements of this section.
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Principles
Stability Triangle
Longitudinal
Stability
Lateral Stability
Dynamic Stability
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Vehicle Center of
Gravity (Unloaded)
Center of Gravity
of Vehicle and
Maximum Load
(Theoretical)
Notes:
1. When the vehicle is loaded, the combined center of gravity (CG) shifts toward line B-C.
Theoretically the maximum load will result in the CG at the line B-C. In actual practice, the
combined CG should never be at line B-C.
2. The addition of additional counterweight will cause the truck CG to shift toward point A and
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result in a truck that is less stable laterally.
Combined CG
Combined CG
Truck CG
Truck CG
Vertical
Stability
Line
(Line of Action)
Unique Characteristics of
Powered Industrial Trucks
Each
Classes of Commonly-Used
Powered Industrial Trucks*
The
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lift straddle
Order picker
Reach type outrigger
Side loaders, turret trucks, swing mast and
convertible turret/stock pickers
Low lift pallet and platform (rider)
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lift platform
Low lift walkie pallet
Reach type outrigger
High lift straddle
High lift counterbalanced
Low lift walkie/rider pallet
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Sit-down rider
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Extended-reach forklift
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handlers
Container reach
stackers
Straddle carriers
Semi-tractors/ Utility
vehicles
Combination vacuum
lifts
Yard tractors
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Container Handlers
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Empty-Container Handler
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Straddle Carriers
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Yard Tractor
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Dock Safety
Painting of area.
Trailer brakes and securing.
People in the area.
Perform daily check of truck.
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Dock Safety
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Dock Safety
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Conveyors
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Conveyors
Powered type is most dangerous.
Most people get hurt while working on
them.
Most injuries involve fingers, hands,
and arms.
Accidents can be prevented if workers
are careful to turn off the power and
lock it out.
Industrial Safety Lecture Four
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Hoists and
Cranes
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Hoists and
Cranes
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to move.
Examine the containers to make sure
they are sealed and properly labeled.
Make sure you are wearing all required
PPE.
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Safety Guards
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Safety Guards
Are required to prevent accidents.
Protect people, not the machine.
Hazardous parts include point of
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Moving Parts
Make
Guards
Necessary
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Moving Parts
Make Guards
Necessary
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Fixed Guards
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Fixed Guards
Prevent entry into the
point of operation
Do not move when the machine is in
operation.
Example: Barrier Guard
Example: Enclosure Guard
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Interlocking Guards
Used when a fixed guard cannot be
used.
Connected to machine controls or power
source.
Can be mechanical, electrical, or
pneumatic.
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Automatic Guards
Push, pull, or sweep the operators hands
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Presence-sensing Guards
No physical barrier.Create a sensing
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machine is running.
Should only be removed for repair work.
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controls.
Feeding and extracting tools.
Ejectors.
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Employer Responsibilities
Establish
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Definitions
Authorized
Definitions
Energy
Definitions
Lockout:
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Definitions
Tagout:
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De-energizing Equipment
Shut
Stored Energy
If
there is a possibility of
reaccumulation of stored energy to a
hazardous level, verification of
isolation shall be continued until the
possibility of such accumulation no
longer exists
121
Re-energizing Equipment
Ensure
Lockout/Tagout Requirements
If
123
Lockout Requirements
After
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Device Requirements
Durable:
Device Requirements
Substantial:
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Tag Requirements
Tags
as:
Do not start
Do not open
Do not close
Do not energize
Do not operate
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Periodic Inspections
The
Periodic Inspections
Shall
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Periodic Inspections
Where
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Periodic Inspections
The
employer shall:
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responsibility is vested in an
authorized employee for a set number
of employees working under the
protection of a group lockout or tagout
device
Each authorized employee shall affix a
personal lockout or tagout device to the
group lockout device
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Outside Personnel
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Tagout Tags
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Lockout Device
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Group Lockout
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Tagout Tag
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Lockout Signage
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Review
1. What is the best way to avoid hurting yourself when moving material?
2. What is most dangerous when wearing gloves around rotating equipment?
3. Describe the best method for lifting.
4. What is the best way to carry a small box or carton?
5. What equipment can you use to move a barrel alone?
6. Describe how to handle moving a loaded hand truck down a ramp.
7. When is it permissible to ride on the platform of a moving truck?
8. What must be checked before entering a trailer on a shipping dock?
9. What is the best way to prevent accidents while working on conveyors?
10. What does the angle of a lifting sling have to do with the stress placed on it?
11. What is a pinch point?
12. What is meant by the term point of operation?
13. What word is used to mean a back and forth motion?
14. What is the correct spacing for a grinder wheel from the work rest?
15. What type of machine guard limits the operators access to the danger zone?
16. Which type of machine guard prevents access to the danger zone altogether?
17. What type of guard cannot be moved while the machine is running?
18. What type of guard, when removed, prevents the machine from running?
19. What type of guard physically pulls the operator out of the danger zone?
20. How fast should a machine stop when it is equipped with a presence sensing
guard?
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