Shock Wave

Instructional Design Document

STAM Interactive Solutions

Demo Outline (For reference)

Topic Number

Topic Name

Page Type

Nozzle

Animated page

Internal Flow Pattern in a Nozzle

Interactive page

External Flow Pattern

Animated page

Change Log (as per the minutes pdf)

Changes Suggested by Prof. Puranik

Changes reflected on slide no.

Start with definition of shock, voice over to say that internal and
external shock will be discussed in this animation

Slide 4

Include shocks may be stationary as well.

Slide 4

Show current (Nasa style) animation / interactivity for external

flow add color to indicate temperature qualitatively. Replace
shock with approaching flow, keep wedge stationary

Slide 13

Introduce parameters of convergent-divergent nozzles (shape,

throat, P1 and P2
Show images flow velocity and location of shock

Slides 6-13

Add textbooks as suggested

Slide 15

Modify quiz question 1 - Change language to say across the shock

wave
Modify quiz question 2 -Correct answer is 1, not 2, Reframe as
marked and show downstream/upstream on figure

Slides 16 & 17

Change the narration to: As the approaching shock wave hits the
wedge, it undergoes reflection and diffraction

Slide 14

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

A shock wave is a disturbance that propagates through a

medium. While the shock-wave usually travels through the
medium, standing or stationary shock waves can occur in
some circumstances in both liquids and gases.
Mach number describes the type of flow. This demo illustrates
both internal and external flow patterns.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave
Nozzle
A nozzle is often used to control the speed of flow.

Converging Diverging Nozzle

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave
Internal Flow Pattern in a Nozzle

Back Pressure (Pb):

Vary the back pressure to see the flow pattern.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Reference slide for default value

The flow through the nozzle is completely subsonic.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Reference slide if the back

pressure is reduced by one step

The flow pattern is exactly the same as in subsonic flow, except that the flow speed at the
throat has just reached Mach 1.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Reference slide if the back pressure is

further reduced by one step

A region of supersonic flow forms just downstream of the throat.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Reference slide if the back pressure is

further reduced by one step

The supersonic region extends all the way down the nozzle until the shock is sitting at the
nozzle exit.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Reference slide if the back pressure is

further reduced by one step

Shock bends out into the jet, and a complex pattern of shocks and reflections is set up in the jet
which will now involve a mixture of subsonic and supersonic flow, or just supersonic flow.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Reference slide if the back pressure is

further reduced by one step

Waves in the jet disappear altogether, and the jet will be uniformly supersonic.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Reference slide if the back pressure is

further reduced by one step

Expansion waves form at the nozzle exit.

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave
External Flow Pattern

Wedge (Object)

Approaching
Shock Wave

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave
Resources

Books:

J.D. Anderson, Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, 3 rd Edition, McGraw-Hill,
2003.

H.W. Liepmann and A. Roshko, Elements of Gas Dynamics, Dover Publications, 2001.

Reference Links:

http://raphael.mit.edu/Java/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine-Hugoniot_equation

http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20060047586_2006228914.pdf

http://www.efluids.com/efluids/gallery/gallery_pages/1supersonic_page.jsp

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

The velocity, temperature and pressure across the

shock wave are characterized by
Bernoulli's Equation
Euler's Equation
Navier-Stokes Equation
Rankine-Hugoniot Equation

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Downstream of the shock wave

Pressure and Temperature are higher

Pressure and Temperature are lower
Pressure is higher but Temperature is lower
Pressure is lower but Temperature is higher

This image will

be enhanced
visually

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Which best describes the shock wave-front?

All thermodynamic properties of the medium change
instantaneously
All thermodynamic properties of the medium
change gradually
All thermodynamic properties of the medium
change almost instantaneously
Some thermodynamic properties of the medium
change gradually, some instantaneously

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

The strength of a shock can be measured by the ratio of

downstream to upstream pressures. As the Mach number
increases
the strength of the shock wave increases
the strength of the shock wave decreases
depends on the medium of propagation
depends on the initial pressure in the medium

Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics

Shock Wave

Shock waves can be caused by

objects such as bullets or planes flying faster than
sound
cavitations caused by the collapse of a bubble
explosions in gaseous media
objects such as bullets or planes flying at a speed
less than sound