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Test Tensile
Test Tensile
Mordazas
Celdas de Carga
Extensmetro
S = F/A0
Original area
Engineering strain:
L Lo
e
Lo
MPa
Definiciones
Yield strength (Y)
Stress at which plastic deformation starts to occur
S = Ee
Max Load
Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) UTS
AO
Maximum engineering stress
Stress at which necking or strain localization occurs
Y(0.002)
Figure3.2Typicalprogressofatensiletest:(1)beginningoftest,noload;(2)uniform
elongationandreductionofcrosssectionalarea;(3)continuedelongation,maximum
loadreached;(4)neckingbegins,loadbeginstodecrease;and(5)fracture.Ifpieces
areputbacktogetherasin(6),finallengthcanbemeasured.
Note:Inthisfigure,lengthisdenotedby
lowercasel.
Figure2.2(a)Originalandfinalshapeofastandardtensiletestspecimen.(b)
Outlineofatensiletestsequenceshowingstagesintheelongationofthespecimen.
Ductilidad
% Reduction in Area
AO AF
% Ar
x 100
AO
Instantaneous
area
True strain:
dL
d
L
L
L
dL
ln
L
LO
Lo
Fig.3.1M.P.Groover,FundamentalsofModernManufacturing3/eJohnWiley,2007
True Strain
l
A0
D0
ln ln
ln
A
D
l0
D0
2 ln
A0
A
P
l0
y
x
A A0 l 0
A0 l 0
l
l 0 l
l
S 1 S 1 e
S
l0
l0
Conservacin de
volumen:
Al = A0l0
l0 l
l
ln 1 e
ln ln
l0
l0
S
S
S
S
a la tensin
mxima (UTS)
e a la tensin
mxima (UTS)
Constitutive Eq.
(plastic range)
True
Eng.
K :strength coefficient
Log
log K
log
10y+4
Papel grfico
Log-Log
10y+3
Mdulos
cuadrados.
La escala
progresa en
mltiplos de 10.
El origen puede
ser elegido.
10y+2
10y+1
10x
10x
10x+1
10x+2
10x+3
10x+4
= Kn
Comportamiento elstico
Transicin elasto-plstica
Comportamiento plstico
Cobre = 0,005
Aluminio 0
A alta temperatura el
nivel de la curva
sube si sube d/dt.
Por tanto la resistencia a
la deformacin plstica a
alta temperatura
depende de la velocidad
de deformacin d/dt.
C&