Advance Operating System

(CS G623)

Agenda
Course Overview
Distributed System Basics
Multiprocessor Systems (Basic
Architecture)
Motivation behind Distributed Systems
Distributed System Architecture Types
Distributed Operating System
DOS Issues

 Text Book
Advanced Concepts in
Operating Systems:
Distributed, Database and
Multiprocessor Operating
Systems, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2001.
By
M. Singhal & N.
Shivaratri

 Reference Books
R1: P. K. Sinha, Distributed Operating
Systems Pearson Education, 1998.
R2: Andrew S Tanenbaum and Martin
Steen, Distributed Systems : Principles
and Paradigms ISBN: 978-81-203-3498-4
R3: Distributed Systems-Concepts and
Design by G. Coulouris, AW

Plan of Study
S.No

TOPIC

1.

2.

3.

4.

Overview of Advanced O.S: Design approaches,

Motivation, Types of Advanced OS.

5.

6.

Architecture:
Motivation,
Issues,
Communication Networks, Communication
Primitives.
Theoretical Foundations: Limitations, Lamports
logical clock, vector clock, causal ordering,
global state, Cuts.
Distributed Mutual Exclusion: Lamport, Recartagrawala,
and
Maekawas
algorithms;
Suzuki-kasami broadcast algorithm, and
Raymonds tree based algorithm
.
Distributed Deadlock Detection: Resource Vs.
Communication
deadlock,
Strategies
to
handle deadlock, Ho-Ramamoorthy, PathPushing,
Edge-Chasing,
Diffusion
Computation-based algorithms.
Agreement
Protocols:
System
model,
Classification
of
agreement
problems,
Solutions to Byzantine agreement problems.

CHAPTER
REF
(Text)
Ch 1

No of Lectures

Ch 4

Ch 5

Ch 6

Ch 7

Ch 8

Plan of Study
S.No

TOPIC

CHAPTER REF
(Text)

7.

Distributed File Systems: Mechanisms for

building DFSs, Design Issues, Sun DFS, and
Sprite DFS.
Distributed Scheduling: Issues in Load
Distribution,
Components
of
a
load
distribution algorithm, Load Distribution
Algorithms, V-system, Sprite, and Condor.
Distributed Shared Memory: Algorithms for
implementing DSMs, Memory Coherence,
and Coherence Protocols, IVY.

Ch 9

Ch 11

Ch 10

Recovery:
Classification
of
failures,
Synchronous
and
Asynchronous
Checkpointing and Recovery.
Fault Tolerance: Commit Protocols, Voting
Protocols, Failure Resilient Processes.

Ch 12

Ch 13

Protection and Security: Access Matrix

Model, Implementation of access matrix,
Unix, and Amoeba, Introduction to Data
Security.

Ch 14

8.

9.

10.

11.
12.

No of
Lectures

Distributed Systems
A Distributed System is a collection of
independent computers that appears to its users
as a single coherent system [Tanenbaum]
A Distributed System is
- a system having several computers that do
not share a memory or a clock
- Communication is via message passing
- Each computer has its own OS+Memory
[Shivaratri & Singhal]

Multiprocessor System
Architecture Types
Tightly Coupled Systems
Loosely Coupled Systems

Tightly Coupled Systems

Systems with a single system wide

memory

Parallel Processing System , SMMP

(shared
memory multiprocessor systems)

CPU

CPU

Shared memory

Interconnection hardware

CPU

CPU

Loosely Coupled System

Distributed Memory Systems (DMS)
Communication via Message Passing

Local
memory

Local
memory

Local
memory

Local
memory

CPU

CPU

CPU

CPU

Communication network

Motivation

Resource Sharing
Enhanced Performance
Improved Reliability & Availability
Modular expandability

Distributed System Architecture

Types

Minicomputer Model
Workstation Model
Workstation Server Model
Processor Pool Model
Hybrid Model

MINICOMPUTER MODEL

Minicomputer

Minicomputer

Communication
network

Terminals

Minicomputer

WORKSTATION MODEL
Workstation
Workstation

Workstation

Workstation

Communication
network

Workstation

WORKSTATION
SERVERMODEL
Workstation
Workstation

Workstation

Communication
network

Workstation

Minicomputer
used as
file
server

Minicomputer
used as
database
server

Workstation

...

Minicomputer
used as
print
server

Processor Pool Model

Terminals

Communication
network

...

Run
server

Pool of processors.

File
server

Hybrid Model
Based upon workstation-server model but
with additional pool of processors
Processors in the pool can be allocated
dynamically
Gives guaranteed response time to
interactive jobs
More expensive to build

Distributed OS
A distributed OS is one that looks to its
users like an centralized OS but runs on
multiple, independent CPUs. The key
concept is transparency. In other words,
the use of multiple processors should be
invisible to the user.
[Tanenbaum & Van Renesse]

Issues

Global knowledge
Naming
Scalability
Compatibility
Process Synchronization
Resource Management
Security
Structuring