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  • Lower Limb 2

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    Barney Cordova
    23 views25 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of lower limb anatomy, including: 1) The lower limb skeleton is homologous to the upper limb and contains muscles divided into anterior and posterior compartments innervated by the sciatic and femoral nerves. 2) The tibia and fibula form the leg below the knee, with the tibia on the big toe side and fibula on the little toe side. The ankle is formed by the tarsus bones including the calcaneus forming the heel. 3) The foot contains tarsal bones like the talus and calcaneus, metatarsals homologous to the metacarpals, and phalanges for toe movement.

    Original Description:

    Basic anatomy of Lower Limb. Brief descriptions and functions of Lower Extremities

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    The document summarizes key aspects of lower limb anatomy, including: 1) The lower limb skeleton is homologous to the upper limb and contains muscles divided into anterior and posterior compartments innervated by the sciatic and femoral nerves. 2) The tibia and fibula form the leg below the knee, with the tibia on the big toe side and fibula on the little toe side. The ankle is formed by the tarsus bones including the calcaneus forming the heel. 3) The foot contains tarsal bones like the talus and calcaneus, metatarsals homologous to the metacarpals, and phalanges for toe movement.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    23 views25 pages

    Lower Limb 2

    Uploaded by

    Barney Cordova
    The document summarizes key aspects of lower limb anatomy, including: 1) The lower limb skeleton is homologous to the upper limb and contains muscles divided into anterior and posterior compartments innervated by the sciatic and femoral nerves. 2) The tibia and fibula form the leg below the knee, with the tibia on the big toe side and fibula on the little toe side. The ankle is formed by the tarsus bones including the calcaneus forming the heel. 3) The foot contains tarsal bones like the talus and calcaneus, metatarsals homologous to the metacarpals, and phalanges for toe movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 25

    Lower Limb

    Skeleton (homologous with upper limb)


    Muscles--anterior, posterior
    compartments
    Nerves--sciatic, femoral
    Surface anatomy

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Upper-Lower Limb Comparison

    See Table M&M, Table 8.1

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Tibia/fibula

    Tibia--big toe side


    Fibula--little toe side
    (no pronation/supination)

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Ankle

    Tarsus--forms ankle
    joint
    Calcaneus--forms
    heel

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Foot

    Function:

    Support weight
    Act as lever when walking

    Tarsals

    Talus = ankle

    Between tibia + fibula


    Articulates w/both

    Calcaneus = heel

    Attachment for Calcaneal


    tendon
    Carries talus

    Metatarsals

    Phalanges

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Homologous to metacarpals
    Smaller, less nimble

    Joints of Lower Limb

    Hip (femur +
    acetabulum)

    Knee (femur + patella)

    Plane
    Gliding of patella
    Synovial

    Knee (femur + tibia)

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Ball + socket
    Multiaxial
    Synovial

    Hinge
    Biaxial
    Synovial

    Joints of Lower Limb

    Proximal Tibia + Fibula

    Distal Tibia + Fibula

    Slight give
    Fibrous

    Ankle (Tibia/Fibula + Talus)

    pg Frolich,HumanAnatomy,
    218

    Plane
    Gliding
    Synovial

    Hinge
    Uniaxial
    Synovial

    Lower Limb Movements

    Hip

    Bending on posterior
    side is flexion (except
    hip)
    Bending on anterior
    sided is extension
    (except hip)

    Knee

    Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
    Inversion/eversion

    Toes

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Flexion/extension

    Ankle

    Flexion/extension
    Abduction/adduction
    Lateral/medial rotation

    Flexion/extension

    Anterior/Posterior compartments
    ANTERIOR
    POSTERIOR
    COMPARTMENT COMPARTMENT
    MOVEMENT

    Extension

    Flexion

    MUSCLES

    Quads

    Hamstrings

    Shin

    Gastrocs

    Femoral n.

    Sciatic n.

    (lumbar plexus)

    (sacral plexus)

    NERVES

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Thigh movements by
    compartment

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Posterior Thigh

    Gluts (gluteal nn.)

    Lateral rotators (spinal nn.)

    Piriformis syndrome

    Hamstrings (sciatic n.)

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Maximusextensor of thigh
    Medius--pelvic tilt

    Biceps femoris
    Semimembranous
    Semitendinous

    Anterior thigh (femoral n.)

    Sartorius (Tailors
    muscle)
    Quads (four)

    Rectus femoris
    (crosses hip)
    3 vastus mm.
    (vast--big)

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Medial compartment (obturator n.)

    Adductor muscles

    Gracilis
    Adductor
    Magnus
    Longus
    brevis

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Leg movements by
    compartment (in leg all nn are branches of sciatic)

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Anterior Leg (deep fibular n.)

    Fibularis (peroneus)
    longus

    Extensor digitorum
    longus

    Extensor hallicus
    longus

    Tibialis anteriorus

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Lateral Leg (superficial fibular n.)

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Fibularis
    brevis/longus

    Posterior Leg (tibial n.)

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Gastrocs and soleus

    Flexor digitorum longus

    Flexor hallucus longus

    Intrinsics of foot
    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Withlegoutto
    sidelike
    quadruped,
    lumbaranterior,
    sacralposterior
    makessense

    Lumbar plexus
    (femoral nerve)
    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Sacral plexus
    (sciatic nerve)

    Dermatomes show twisting of


    leg in development

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Blood
    supply to
    lower limb

    Internal Iliac

    Cranial + Caudal Gluteals= gluteals


    Internal Pudendal = perineum, external
    genitalia
    Obturator = adductor muscles

    External Iliac

    Femoral = lower limb


    Deep femoral = adductors, hamstrings,
    quadriceps

    Popliteal (continuation of femoral)


    Geniculars = knee
    Anterior Tibial = ant. leg muscles, further
    branches to feet

    Posterior Tibial = flexor muscles, plantar arch,


    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Surface Anatomy:
    Pelvis
    IliacPosterior
    crest
    Gluteus maximus = cheeks
    Natal/gluteal cleft = crack
    Gluteal folds = bottom of cheek

    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    pg 789

    pg 792

    Surface Anatomy:
    Anterior Thigh + Leg

    Palpate

    Femoral Triangle

    pg 785
    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,

    Patella
    Condyles of femur
    Sartorius (lateral)
    Adductor longus (medial)
    Inguinal ligament
    (superior)
    Femoral a + v, lymph
    nodes

    Surface Anatomy: Posterior Leg

    Popliteal fossa

    Boundaries

    pg
    Frolich,HumanAnatomy,
    793

    Biceps femoris (sup-lat)


    Semitendinosis +
    semimembranosis (supmed)
    Gastrocnemius heads (inf)

    Contents

    Diamond-shape fossa
    behind knee

    Popliteal a + v

    Calcaneal (Achilles)
    tendon

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