Presentation on Tunnel

construction in Pir Panjal

Range
A Case Study (On T-74R)

Overview What lies ahead?

Salient aspects of tunneling

Introduction (History, success
rate and the present status)
Method chosen(Pir Panjal
range)
Details about how the things
were done.

Tunneling Methods
Classical methods (German, Belgian)
Cut and cover
Drill and blast
Tunnel boring machines method
New Austrian tunneling Method ( NATM )

Why We Need Tunnels?

In the coming future, We wont find place, so either go
up or down.
Economically very viable, maintenance cost almost
negligible.
Saves time and labour, especially while construction in
hilly areas.
In urban areas, there is already much scarcity of land,
so underground construction for metros is going to be
the backbone of construction industry
Avoids impact on heritage and cultural sensitive areas.

Connectivity in Northern India?

The project was resanctioned and realignment was done
in 2008.
Since then, numerous surveys have been carried out
and 55% success is achieved in the connectivity
The project is to be completed in 3 stages.
The Project is to be completed with the joint efforts of
IRCON & Indian Railways.

Details of the Project

Green Completed
Red Undergoing

Items

Length(km)

(Section1)

(Section2)

(Section3)

Udhampur-Katra

KatraQuazigund

QuazigundBaramula

25

148

92

Minor bridges

29

27

Tunnel length(km)

10.9

109.54

Important/major bridges

No. of stations

12

Total

119

292

64

165

640

696
--------

15

120.44
30

Socio-economic Impact of project

The completion of this project will provide an all
weather and reliable connectivity to the J&K State
Construction of Access Roads Total about 262 kms of
approach roads to work sites are to be constructed. Out
of which, 160 kms already constructed. With completion
of approach roads, more than 73 villages will get
connected, which will provide road connectivity to about
1,47,000 people, 29 villages already connected.

Continued...
Employment generation Direct employment to the
local people (about 7000) and indirect employment to
thousands for day to day requirement of the project
personnel.
Permanent job in Railways to one of the family
members, whose more than 75% of land has been
acquired. Job given to 343 persons so far.

Allignment of the proposed project

A Pic from leg (1), Udhampur-katra.

Another Pic leg (3), QazigundBanihal

Leg which is not completed

here we can see construction is still in progress, geo-textile fixing is
being done

A brief timeline of the Project

0 Leg(Jammu-udhampur) kicked off in 1983, It was planned
to launch in 5 years, but failed. Actual completion was done
in 2005, after 23 years. (Though this was relatively easy)
And in 2003, trial train arrives at katra.
2008, railways formulated committee again for leg 2 and 3.
2013, banihal station and baramulla station connected
(130km stretch) leg 3 done.
Leg 2, Katra-Qazigund may open in 2017. now question
must be.. Why this delay?

Problems faced??
Most difficult railway line project undertaken in Indian
subcontinent
Terrain is the most toughest ever encountered, the leg 2
between qazigund - katra has 92% of alignment either
through tunnel or bridge.
Rock features- consisting of silicified limestone, andesite
and basalt, quartizite and sandstone or limestone
shale intercalations, agglomerates shale and tuffs.
Portal areas have soft grounds all around them.
Distinct folding and faults are diverse in the Rock mass
present.

Fault in Rock - In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock,

across which there has been significant displacement along thefractures as the result of the earth
movement.

Various types of faults

Solutions?
New alignment was proposed with minor changes.
Work was shared between different companies on the
basis of their difficulty-tackling maneuver.
Extensive surveys were carried so as to ascertain
beforehand about what rock type will be in strata.

So we know the solution now.

Which Method to Choose now?

The proposed method - NATM

Also known as Sequential Excavation Method(SEM) or
Design as You go method.
Economic Advantages made available by taking
advantage of the inherent geological strength available
in the surroundingrockmass to stabilize the tunnel.
In other methods, A uniform approach is taken & lining
is same throughout the tunnel, here the lining varies
according to the strength of the rock.

Seven Important features of NATM

1. Exploitation of the strength of native rock mass
2. Shotcreteprotection - Loosening and excessive rock deformation must be
minimized
3. Measurement and monitoring
4. Flexible support Primary lining is thin (Not thick concrete lining, which
makes it costly)
5. Closing of the invert - Especially crucial in soft ground (Which is encountered
in Himalaya)
6. Contractual arrangements changes in support and construction
measurements are possible when needed.
7. Use of Rock mass classification, which helps in determining which support to
use and which not

How the construction took place?

1. Face drilling Drilling includes the drilling of the holes.
Numerous holes are drilled along the proposed
alignment.
2. Charging - Then filling of holes with gelatin is done.
Not all holes are filled to prevent overcutting &
maintaining of the uniform profile.
3. Defuming It includes removal of the dust generated
from the blasting. It is done with the help of
ventilators.
4. Mucking This is same But here larger rock materials

5. Shocreting Primary lining of shotcreting is done.

(Economical as compared to the thick concrete lining)
6. Erection of lattice girder & rock bolting In case of
loose inherent rock above, lattice girders and bolting is
done.
After This Instruments are installed for the measurement
of the variables in the tunnel.

On field view of pressure cell

installation

A Video Demonstration of NATM

In the End
We Would like to thank our Project guide for the
opportunity to learn under him and get insights into the
Expertise of the tunnel construction. We will always be
indebted to him.
Compiled and Presented by
1) Latesh Moten (B.Tech, NIT Srinagar )