CHE 183

GENERAL
CHEMSTRY

Properties of Matter
Matter: Anything that has mass
and occupies space(volume)
Composition: Parts or components
of matter
ex. Composition of water H2O,
11.9%
H and 88.81% O
Properties: Distinguishing features
physical and chemical

ATOM

CONTAINING
atom

elements

molecule

compounds

SUBSTANCE
ELEMENTS Na, H, K,..
ONE TYPE OF ATOM
COMPOUNDS NaCl, H2O
TWO OR MORE ATOMS

CHEMICALLY COMBINED
8

. MIXTURES

2 or more substances mixed

together
not chemically combined

. MIXTURES
Homogeneous
Mixture : uniform
throughout
Salt+Water

Heterogeneous Mixture
not uniform throughout
have obvious phases
Oil+Water

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical Change: changes that occur with no change
in the chemical composition.
Example: Ice melting. (You still have H2O)

Chemical Change: different chemical substances are

formed.
Example: paper burning.

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Non SI Units
10-6 METER = 1 MKRON
10-2METER =1CENTMETER
10-3 METER = 1 MLMETER
10 +3 METER = 1 KLOMETER

To convert C to F
F= (9/5)xC+32
To convert F to C
C= (5/9) x(F-32)

Example:
An automobile engine coolant has
antifreeze protection to a
temperature of -22C0.Will this coolant
offer protection to temperatures as
low as -150F ?

Answer:
First we must convert to F to C
C0= (5/9) x(F-32)
C0 = (5/9)x (-15-32)
C = - 26 C0
protection to a temperature of -22C0
so -26 < -22C0

No protection at this
temperature

Density is the ratio of mass to volume

or g/cm3

Shape is rectangular
prism

Percent as a Conversion
Factor:

 Example: A seawater sample

contains % 3.5g of sodium
Chloride(NaCl)
This means:
3.5 g NaCl
seawater
100g seawater
NaCl

OR

100g
3.5 g

Example:
How many kilograms of
ethanol are present in 25 L of a
solution that is %90 gasoline %10 ethanol by mass?The
density of the solution is 0.71
g/ml

Answer:
The asked : How many kg of ethanol= X
The Given: 25 L of a solution
solution: %90 gasoline%10ethanol
density of the solution: 0.71 g/ml?

M= d x V

M solution = 0.71 g x (25

M solution = 17.750
g = 17.750 g x 1 kg
L sol.x1000ml
)
= 17,8 kg
ml
1L
10000g
=1.8kg
ethanol

3.63
13.129
+ 123.1
139.859

cm
cm
cm

cm

55 so

= 139.9 cm

ex:

H2
2g

1/2 O2
+

16 g

H2O
=

18g

Example:
7.12 g sample of magnesium is
heated with 1.80 g of bromine .All
the bromine is used up and 2.07g of
magnesium bromide is the only
product.What mass of magnesium
remains unreacted??

Answer
Mass of Before Reaction =
After Reaction

Mass of

7.12g Mg + 1.80g Br = 2,07 MgBr2 + Rest Mg

Rest Mg = 6,85g

Example:
A 0,100 g sample of magnesium
when combined with oxygen yields
0,166 g magnesiumoxide.
We wish to make exactly 2,00 g of
magnesium oxide.What masses of
magnesium and oxygen must we
combine to do this???

Answer
0,100 g Mg
0,166 g MgO

X g Mg
2,00 g MgO

X =1,20g Mg
Magnesum + Oxygen
Magnesiumoxide

1,20g
+
2,00g

=
Y = 0,80 g O2

Example
Write a symbol for the species with
47 protons ,61 neutrons ,and 47
electron.

Answer:
47+61= 108
47

47-47=0

Atomic mass: The average mass of atoms

10 x 0,19 + 11 x 0,81 = 10,811 amu

1 amu = atomic mass unit
1 amu = 1 proton = 1 neutron

1 mole S =

S atoms = 32 g

1 mole S

And
S atoms

32 g S
1 mol S

Example:
How many atoms of gold are present
in 5.07x10-3 mol Au (gold)?

Answer:
atoms

5.07x10-3 mol Au

1 mole Au

=3,05x1021 Au atom

Example:
What is the mass of 2,35x1024 atoms
of Cu (Copper) ??
(1mol Cu
= 63.54g)

Answer
2,35x1024 Cu
63.54g Cu

atom

x 1 mole Cu

6,02x1023atom
1mol Cu

= 248g Cu

Example
How many lead-206 atoms are
present in 8,27x10-3 mol Pb ?
Lead- 206 naturel abundance percent:
24,1 %

Answer
8,27x10-3 mol Pb x 6,02 x1023 Pb atom =
49,785x 1020
1 mol Pb
=4,98x1021
Pb atom

4,98x1021 Pb atom x 24,1 (Lead-206) =

1,2x 1021
100 Pb atom

1 mol K :39,10 g

Example:
Rhenium-187 is a radioactive isotope
that can be used to determine the age
of meteorites. A 0,100 mg sample of
Re contains 2,02x 1017 atoms of
187
Re. What is the percent abundance
of Rhenium-187 in the sample??
1 mol Re :186,2 g

0,100 mg Re x

1g
x 1mol Re
1000 mg
186,2 g

5,37 x 10-7 mol Re x 6.02x 1023

atom

=5,37 x 10 -7 mol Re

= 3,23 x 1017 Re atom

1 mol Re
2,02x 1017 (187Re atom)
3,23 x 1017 Re atom

x
100
X = % 62.5 187Re atom

THE CHEMCAL FORMULA OF A

COMPAUND NDCATES

The element present

The relative numbers of atoms

of each element in compound

An empirical formula is the simplest formula for a

compound; it shows the types of atoms present and
their relative numbers

Acetic acid
Formaldehyde
Glucose
ALL HAVE THE SAME EMPIRICAL FORMULA

A molecular formula is based on an actual molecule

of a compound. the molecular formula is a multiple
of the empirical formula.

Molecular formula of Acetic acid

A structural formula shows the order in

which atoms are bonded together in a
molecule and by what types of bonds
Acetic acid

Mg: 24,305

Cl:35,453 g

66

Au :196,97 g