ACUTE COMPLICATIONS OF

DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2

Anasthasia

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disoder

syndrome due to deficiency of insulin
secretion . Insulin deficiency is absolute
or relative.

According to The Endocrinology

Association of Indonesia in 2006 , there
are 3 criterias for a person can be
diagnosed with Diabetes.
Blood glucose over 200mg/dL , Fasting
Blood Glucose >126 mg/dL , and Oral
Toleranted Glucose Testing >200 mg/ dL .

Literature Review
Definition
Diabetes mellitus is the Syndrome that
apart of many symptoms that arise due
to increased blood sugar levels.

Clasification:
Diabetes mellitus Type 1 .
Diabetes mellitus Type 2.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance Disturbance .
Gastrointestinal Diabetes Mellitus
Other Diabetes Mellitus Type.

General Causes

Caused :
Genetic , Age , Life Style , Infection ,
Obesity , and wrong diet .

Specific Causes

Diabetes Mellitus type 1 : Genetic ,

Immunology , Enviroments
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 : Doesnt know
about the causes .

Complications

Acute and Chronic

Acute Complications :
Hypoglicemia , Diabeticum ketoacidosis ,
and Hyperosmolar Hiperglicemia .

Hypoglicemia can caused to :

Drugs , Inadequated food intake ,
Excessive physical motions , Decreassing
insulin need .

Clinical Signs :
Subliminal Phase , Activial Phase ,and
Neurologic Phase

Supporting Examinations :
Lever functions , Renal Functions , Blood
Glucose , Edge Blood Examinations .

Therapy
Beginning Phase
Countinuing Phase

Diabeticum Ketoacidosis is a condition in

whic having decompensation state and
chaos metabolic by the triad of
hyperglicemia, acidosis , and ketosis .

Caused :
Lower dosage of insulin or insulin doesnt
induced before .
Infections or Sickness
Primary Manifestation of DM

Clinical Sign :
Polyuri , Polydypsi ,Looking weakness ,
Dizziness , Anoreksia , Vomiting ,
Nausea , Abdominal Pain , Kussmaul
Breathing, and Hypotension.

Supporting Examination :
Keton Serum , Blood Edge Examination ,
Renal Function, Glucose Blood
Examination , Electrolite Examination
,PCO2 and Bicarbonat Serum .

Therapy
NaCl 0.9 % is given+ 1-2 L in 1 first hour .
Liquid total in 15 hours is 5 liters. If Na+>
155 mEg/L changes liquid with NaCl
0,45 %
Regural Insulin , Electrolit supporting .

Hyperglicemia
Hyperosmolar
Definition
A syndrome in whic having severe
hyperglicemia and dehidration , Loss of
consciousness , and No ketoacidosis.

Clinical Signs
Polyuri , polydypsi, Loss of
consciousness , Loss of weight ,
dehidration , Kusmaull breathing , and
dried skin.

Supporting Examination :
Blood Glucose , Osmolarity Serum ,
Bicarbonat serum , Keton Serum ,
Electrolite Serum

Primary treatment :
Liquid : Na 0,9%
Insulin , Kalium , Antibiotic High Dosage
Secondary treatment :
Dextrose 5% , Nacl 0,45% , Reduced Insulin
Dosage ,
Continuing treatment :
Monitoring Electrolite and Blood Glucose

Conclusion

DM is a chronic diseases that OGTT and

Blood Glucose is exceeded more than 200
.

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