HISTORY OF DRUG

Karmaranga is not delineated in

BRHATTRAYEE. Among nighantus
DHANVANTARI NIGHANTU,
PARYAYA RATNAMALA did not cover
this drug. Text like MADANPALA
NIGHANTU, RAJ NIGHANTU &
BHAVA PRAKASH have quoted it. It
appears CHAKRAPANI mentioned it
for the first time. Therefore it might
have entered in INDIAN MATERIA
MEDICA around 10 A.D.
  NOMENCLATURE
 HINDI : KAMRAKH

 BENGALI : KAAMRANGA

 MARATHI : KAMDAR

 KARNATAKA : DAREHUDI

 GUJRAT : KAMRAKH

 TAMIL : TAMARTA

 ENGLISH : CARAMBOLA
  SYNONYMS
 KAMARTA
 KAMARAKAH
 PITAPHALA
 KARMARASKA
 MUDGARAKAH
 MUDGARAPHALASCA
 DHARAPHALAKASTU
 KARMARAKASCAIVA
 BRHADAMLA
 RUJAKARA
 SIRALA
 KARIMARA
  CLASSIFICATION

 ACCORDING TO TASTE:

 1] Sweet variety

 2] sour variety

 Sweet variety is found in BENGAL.

 Another plant species with very acidic
fruits is AVERRHOEA BILIMBI Linn known
as bilimbi and belonging to same family
GERANIACEAE. It is also cultivated in
gardens and it runs wild in tropical India.
  MORPHOLOGY
 Small plant which is 15 – 30 feets in height.
It is evergreen plant with lots of drooping
branches.
 LEAVES: Leaves are ovate, alternate,
glabrous, 5-6 jugate, leaflets are ovate,
acuminate, 2-5 pair.
 FLOWERS: They are white, red or purple in
colour. Small in size, variegated. Chiefly
axillary or sumtimes springing from stem.
They are heterodistolons.
 SEPALS: Bright red, fading to yellow brown.
 PETALS: Clawed, linked with pink shorter
stamens antheriferous filament, subulate,
often with swollen base.
 FRUIT: Ovoid, 3-4 inches in length with 5 angled racemes,
indehiscent. They are fleshy nwith pleasant smell. They are
ellipsoidal.Green in colour, turns yellow when
ripen.Astringent when raw & turns sweet and sour when
ripe.

 Fruit of sweet variety contains:

 MOISTURE - 93%
 PROTIEN - 0.5%
 FAT - 0.2%
 CARBOHYDRATES – 4.8%
 MINERAL MATTER - 0.2%
 IRON - 0.6%
 VITAMIN A

 SEEDS: Seeds are arillate. Funicle of seeds are dilated

into fleshy bilabiate, irregularly on arillus.
  DISTRIBUTION

 It is cultivated throughout India, but

in hotter parts of India. Also in
China. For the sake of fruits also in
Burma.

 PART USED

 FRUITS.
  CULTIVATION & PROPAGATION

 CULTIVATION: It is cultivated
troughout India but in hotter parts of
India. Also in china & Burma.
 PROPAGATION: Propagation is done
by seeds but budding & grafting are
also possible.
 Fruiting & Flowering time: Flower
in June to September
 Fruits in cold season often upto
April
  CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
 It contains Vitamin A, Potassium
oxalate Ascorbic acid,
polygalacturonase, α-β carotene,
volatile compounds
 Sweet fruit contains -
 Moisture -93%
 Protein -0.5%
 Fat -0.2%
 Carbohydrate -4.8%
 Mineral matter -0.2%
 Iron -0.6%
 Vitamin A
 PROPERTIES
RAW FRUIT RIPE FRUIT

GUNA LAGHU, GURU

RUKSHA
RASA AMLA AMLA,
MADHURA
VIRYA USHNA SHEETA

VIPAKA AMLA MADHURA

 KARMA
 RUCHIVARDHAN
 HRIDAYROCHAN
 GRAHI
 RAKTASHODHAN
 ARSHOGHNA
 BALYA
 BRMHANA
 SHEETAL
 TRISHNASHAMAN
  DOSHAGHNATA

 RAW FRUIT :- VATAGHNA,

PITTAKARA

 RIPEFRUIT :- KAPHAVATAGHNA
  INDICATION
 JWARA
 RAKTAPITTA
 RAKTAARSHA
 SCURVY
 ARUCHI
 ATISAAR
 RAKTADUSHTIJANYAVIKAR
 AGNIMANDYA
 GRAHNI
 DAHA
  DOSE

 SWARAS - 5-10ml

 FRUITS - 3-6gm
  IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS
 KARMARANGA SWARAS
 JAMS
 JELLIES
 PICKELS
 REFERESHING DRINKS
 STEWS
 SCURRYS
 PUDDING
 TARTS
 PRESERVES
  CONTRAVERSY

 Some authorities of taxonomy

prefer to keep the genus under
the family AVERRHOLACEAE
instead of OXALIDACEAE